翻译硕士英语2014（211）
山东大学
二〇一四年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
科目代码—211 科目名称 翻译硕士英语
（选择题答案必须答在答题卡上，其他答案必须写在答卷纸上，写在试题上无效）
I. Vocabulary and grammar (30 points)
Directions: Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases markedA, B, C and D.
Choose the answer that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on
your ANSWER SHEET.
- The police stopped me the other day as I was driving home because I was
the speed limit.
A. transcending B. exceeding C. ascending D. surpassing
- Large numbers of individuals expressed their for Obama principally through
the giving of money to his campaign.
A. possessionsB. possibilities C. privileges D. preferences
- The unpleasant taste of the medicine in his mouth for hours.
A. prolonged B. retrieved C. lingered D. scattered
- Asa actor, he can perform, sing, dance and play several kinds of musical
instruments.
A. prolific B. versatile C. fertile D. productive
- Only a selected number of landladies in the neighborhood have been allowed by the
university to take in
A. residents B. inhabitants C. settlers D. lodgers
- A leopard has spots and a tiger has
A. stripes B. strips C. streaks D. bands
- Workers in the fine arts thoughts and feelings through their creative works.
A. transmit B. elaborate C. convey D. contribute
- The melting of the snow has caused flooding by rivers.
A. increased B. expanded C. swollen D. overgrown
- He is paving the garden with flat stones of various shapes.
A. way B. path C. track D. alley
- The village is only by river.
A. attainable B. available C. accessible D. obtainable
- The children performed a very dance.
A. grateful B. gracious C. graceful D. gradable
- Evidence came up specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as
young as months old.
A. what B. that C. whose D. which
- Fiber of hair and wool are not continuous and must normally be spun into thread
woven into textile fabrics.
A. as are they B. when to be C. that they are D. if they are to be
- I’d rather you make any comment on the issue for the time being.
A. don’t’ B. wouldn’t C. didn’t D. shouldn’t
- In the past men generally preferred that their wives in the home.
A. worked B. work C. would work D. were working
- I don’t doubt the plan will be well conceived.
A. that B. if C. whether D. when
- he has already heard the news.
A. Chances are B. Chance is C. Opportunities are D. Opportunity is
- Someday, the earth’s supply of coal and oil will be exhausted; -, new kinds of
fuel will have to be developed.
A. consequently B. until C. however D. hence
- Aithough the doctor could find no basis for the symptoms, he refused to say
that the cause must be mental.
A. recognizable B. imaginary C. physical D. strange
- 1 Many separate strands were together to make the rope really strong.
A. twisted B. woven C. rolled D. wounded
II. Reading comprehension (40 points)
Section 1 Multiple choice (20 points)
Directions: In this section there are reading passages followed by multiple-choice
questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your ANSWER
SHEET.
Passage A
The relationship between the home and market economies has gone through two
distinct stages. Early industrialization began the process of transferring some production
processes (e.g., cloth-making, sewing and canning foods) from the home to the
marketplace. Alithough the home economy could still produce these goods, the processes
were laborious and the market economy was usually more efficient. Soon, the more
important second stage was evident —the marketplace began producing goods and services
that had never been produced by the home economy, and the home economy was unable to
produce them (e.g. electricity and electrical appliances, the automobile, advanced
education, sophisticated medical care). In the second stage, the question of whether the
home economy was less efficient in producing these new goods and services was irrelevant.
If the family were to enjoy these fruits of industrialization, they would have to be obtained
in the marketplace. The traditional ways of taking care of these needs in the home, such as
in nursing the sick, became socially unacceptable (and, in most serious cases, probably less
successful). Just as the appearance of the automobile made the use of the horse-drawn
carriage illegal and then impractical, and the appearance of television changed the radio
from a source of entertainment to a source of background music, so most of the fruits of
economic growth did not increase the options available to the home economy to either
produce the goods or services or purchase them in the market. Growth brought with it
increased variety in consumer goods, but not increased flexibility for the home economy in
obtaining these goods and services. Instead, economic growth brought with it increased
consumer reliance on the marketplace. In order to consume these new goods and services,
the family had to enter the marketplace as wage earners and consumers. The neoclassical
model that views the family as deciding whether to produce goods and services directly or
to purchase them in the marketplace is basically a model of the first stage. It cannot
- The reason why many production processes were taken over by the marketplace was
that
[A] it was a necessary step in the process of industrialization
[C] it was troublesome to produce such goods in the home
[D] the marketplace was more efficient with respect to these processes
- It can be seen from the passage that in the second stage
[A] traditional goods and services were not successful when provided by the home
economy
[B] the market economy provided new goods and services never produced by the
home economy
[Cl producing traditional goods at home became socially unacceptable
[D] whether new goods and services were produced by the home economy became
irrelevant
- During the second stage, if the family wanted to consume new goods and services, they
had to enter the marketplace
[A] as wage earners
[B] both as manufacturers and consumers
[C] both as workers and purchasers
[D] as customers
- Economic growth did not make it more flexible for the home economy to obtain the
new goods and services because
[A] the family was not efficient in production
[B] it will be illegal for the home economic to produce them
[C] it could not supply them by itself
[D] the market for these goods and services was limited
- The neoclassical model is basically a model of the first stage, because at this stage
[A] the family could rely either on the home economy or on the marketplace for the
needed goods and services
[B] many production processes were being transferred to the marketplace
[C] consumers relied more and more on the market economy
[D] the family could decide how to transfer production processes to the marketplace
Passage B
Some people believe that international sport creates goodwill between the nations and
that if countries play games together they will learn to live together. Others say that the
opposite is true: the international contests encourage false national pride and lead to
misunderstanding and hatred. There is probably some truth in both arguments, but in recent
years the Olympic Games have done little to support the view that sport encourages
international brotherhood. Not only was there the tragic incident involving the murder of
athletes, but the Games were also ruined by lesser incidents caused principally by minor
national contests.
One country received its second-place medals with visible indignation after the hockey.
There had been noisy scenes at the end of the hockey match, the losers objecting to the final
decisions. They were convinced that one of their goals should not have been disallowed and
that their opponents’ victory was unfair. Their manager was in a rage when he said “This
wasn’t hockey. Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished.”’ The
president of the Federation said later that such behavior could result in suspension of the
team for at least three years.
The American basketball team announced that they wouldn’t yield the first place to
Russia, after a disputable end to their contest. The game had ended in disturbance. It was
thought at first that the United States had won, by a single point, but it was announced that
there were three seconds still to play. A Russian player then threw the ball from one end of
the court to the other, and another player popped it into the basket. It was the first time the
USA had ever lost an Olympic basketball match. An appeal jury debated the matter for four
and a half hours before announcing that the result would stand. The American players then
voted not to receive the silver medals.
Incidents of this kind will continue as long as sport is played competitively rather than
for the love of the game. The suggestion that athletes should compete as individuals, or in
non-national teams, might be too much to hope for. But in the present organization of the
Olympics there is far too much that encourages aggressive patriotism.
- According to the author, recent Olympic Games have
[A] created goodwill between the nations
[B] bred only false national pride
[C] barely showed any international friendship
[D] led to more and more misunderstanding and hatred
- What did the manager mean by saying “…Hockey and the International Hockey
Federation are finished”?
[A] His team would no longer take part in international games.
[B] Hockey and the Federation are both ruined by the unfair decisions.
[C] There should be no more hockey matches organized by the Federation.
[D] The Federation should be dissolved.
- The basketball example implies that
[A] too much patriotism was displayed in the incident
[B] the announcement to prolong the match was wrong
[C] the appeal jury was too hesitant in making the decision
[D] the American team was right in rejecting the silver medals
- The author gives the two examples in Paragraphs 2 and 3 to show
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[A] how false national pride led to undesirable incidents in international games
[B] that sportsmen have been more obedient than they used to be
[C] that competitiveness in the games discourages the international friendship
[D] that unfair decisions are common in Olympic Games
- What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?
[A] The organization of the Olympic Games must be improved.
[B] Athletes should compete as individuals in the Olympic Games.
[C] Sport should be played competitively rather than for the love of the game.
[D] International contests are liable for misunderstanding between nations.
Section 2 Answering questions (20 points)
Directions: Read the following passages and then answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES
the questions which follow each passage. Use only information from the
passage you have just read and write your answer in the corresponding space
in your ANSWER SHEET.
Questions 31-33
Every second, 1 hectare of the world’s rainforest is destroyed. That’s equivalent to two
football fields. An area the size of New York City is lost every day. In a year, that adds up to
31 million hectares --- more than the land area of Poland. This alarming rate of destruction
has serious consequences for the environment; scientists estimate, for example, that 137
species of plant, insect or animal become extinct every day due to logging. In British
Columbia, where, since 1990, thirteen rainforest valleys have been clear-cut, 142 species of
salmon have already become extinct, and the habitats of grizzly bears, wolves and many
other creatures are threatened. Logging, however, provides jobs, profits, taxes for the
government and cheap products of all kinds for consumers, so the government is reluctant
to restrict or control it.
Much of Canada’s forestry production goes towards making pulp and paper. According
to the Canadian Pulp and Paper Association, Canada supplies 34% of the world’s wood
pulp and 49% of its newsprint paper. If these paper products could be produced in some
other way, Canadian forests could be preserved. Recently, a possible alternative way of
producing paper has been suggested by agriculturalists and environmentalists: a plant called
hemp.
Hemp has been culitivated by many cultures for thousands of years. It produces fiber
which can be made into paper, fuel, oils, textiles, food, and rope. For centuries, it was
essential to the economies of many countries because it was used to make the ropes and
cables used on sailing ships; colonial expansion and the establishment of a world-wide
trading network would not have been feasible without hemp. Nowadays, ships’ cables are
usually made from wire or synthetic fibers, but scientists are now suggesting that the
cultivation of hemp should be revived for the production of paper and pulp. According to its
proponents, four times as much paper can be produced from land using hemp rather than
trees, and many environmentalists believe that the large-scale cultivation of hemp could
reduce the pressure on Canada’s forests.
However, there is a problem: hemp is illegal in many countries of the world. This
plant, so useful for fiber, rope, oil, fuel and textiles, is a species of cannabis, related to the
plant from which marijuana is produced. In the late 1930s, a movement to ban the drug
marijuana began to gather force, resulting in the eventual banning of the cultivation not
only of the plant used to produce the drug, but also of the commercial fiber-producing hemp
plant. Although both George Washington and Thomas Jefferson grew hemp in large
quantities on their own land, any American growing the plant today would soon find
plant, since it contains almost no THC (the active ingredient in the drug).
In recent years, two major movements for legalization have been gathering strength.
One group of activists believes that ALL cannabis should be legal --- both the hemp plant
and the marijuana plant --- and that the use of the drug marijuana should not be an offense.
They argue that marijuana is not dangerous or addictive, and that it is used by large
numbers of people who are not criminals but productive members of society. They also
point out that marijuana is less toxic than alcohol or tobacco. The other legalization
movement is concerned only with the hemp plant used to produce fiber; this group wants to
make it legal to cultivate the plant and sell the fiber for paper and pulp production. This
second group has had a major triumph recently: in 1997, Canada legalized the farming of
hemp for fiber. For the first time since 1938, hundreds of farmers are planting this crop, and
soon we can expect to see pulp and paper produced from this new source.
-
What damages does logging do to nature?
-
Why do people propose to plant hemp for paper production?
-
What are the difficulties to carry out the proposal? What is the result of the controversy
in Canada?
Questions 34-35
On July 1, 1999, an unexpected tsunami pounded the northern coastlines of Papua
New Guinea. In three massive waves, as high as 15 meters, it washed away entire villages,
drowned over 2500 people and left thousands homeless. Survivors of the Papua New
Guinea disaster described the tsunami as a wall of water hurling toward shore, averaging 10
meters high and extending about 5 kilometers from front to the back. The largest wave
swept over the shore at speeds of up to 2o kilometers per hour for more than a minute,
before draining away in preparation for the next.
What are tsunamis? Tsunamis are enormous waves initiated by sudden seismic events.
A tsunami is generated when a large mass of water is displaced suddenly, creating a swell
that moves away from its origin. The effect is similar to the ripples that form when a pebble
is dropped into pond --- but a thousand times larger. A tsunami wave can be 100 to 200
kilometers wide and long. It can reach speeds of 725 to 800 km/hour. It can travel
thousands of kilometers across the ocean and maintain a barely noticeable height of less
than a half-meter. However, as the tsunami enters the shallow waters of a coastline, it
bunches up into a monstrous wall of seawater that can reach heights of 30 meters and still
be many kilometers in length.
The impact such large waves on a shoreline can be devastating. Buildings,
bridges, and other structures may be destroyed. Extensive beach erosion commonly occurs.
In addition, water may flood areas hundreds of meters inland. The amount of damage
depends on the geometry of the coastline as well as the size of the tsunami. Because
variations in the shapes coastal areas can focus or diffuse the energy in a wave, different
parts of a coastline may experience very different degrees of damage from a given tsunami.
The largest waves, hence the greatest amount of damage, are generally observed in
embayments that funnel the waves into a narrow bay.
Tsunamis are frequently caused by underwater earthquakes with a magnitude greater
than 7 on the Richter scale. The most dangerous tsunamis are triggered by quakes with a
shallow that produce extended vibrations and shift the sea floor vertically. Tsunamis are
sometimes generated by other catastrophic events, such as underwater volcanic explosions.
For example, the disastrous eruption of Krakatau that killed more than 30,000 people in
1883 produced waves that were 35 meters high and that traveled thousands of kilometers.
Although scientists are not certain exactly how this eruption led to a tsunami, a recent study
of sea-floor deposits suggests that water displaced by immense ash flows was the cause.
Underwater landslides have also been known to create tsunamis. For instance, the Hawaiian
Islands have all experienced enormous landslides in the past, and coastal sediments record
evidence of tsunamis that were generated from them.
The ‘exact trigger of the Papua New Guinea tsunami is not yet known, although an
earthquake was certainly involved. Because the earthquake was relatively small, scientists
were somewhat surprised by the disastrous results. One study of seismic data indicated that
the earthquake was centered offshore and produced a 2-meter vertical displacement of the
sea floor; the conclusion was that this abrupt motion triggered the tsunami. Other evidence
indicates that the tsunami was produced by a huge offshore landslide, itself triggered by the
earthquake. Eyewitness accounts indicate that the first wave struck shore about 20 minutes
after the main shock of the earthquake, too long for the tsunami to have originated from
sub-sea faulting during the quake. A slump or landslide typically lags several minutes
behind an earthquake and could explain the delay. Further support comes from a
70-second-long rumble recorded in the middle of the Pacific soon after the earthquake. This
sound lasted too long to have come from a small aftershock and may have represented a
seafloor slide.
Unfortunately tsunamis cannot be stopped or prevented. However, effective warning
systems might save hundreds of lives. In the United States, the National Tsunami Hazard
Mitigation Program has been developed to reduce the impacts of tsunami warning systems.
Components of such systems include seismic sensors that warn of large earthquakes and
oceanic sensors that detect tsunamis crossing the ocean. Destructive tsunamis need to be
detected quickly so that warnings can be issued to allow orderly evacuation of coastal
communities in the path of the waves. Of course, evacuations can only save lives if the
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tsunami is triggered far enough away to give advanced warning.
-
Explain in your own words what tsunami is.
-
What measures can be taken to reduce the damages of tsunamis?
III. Writing (30 points)
Some people claim that the government should spend money on measures to save
languages that are used by few speakers, while others believe it is a waste of financial
resources. What is your idea? Give your reasons.
Write a composition of about 400 words on your view of the topic.