翻译硕士英语2016（211）【试题+答案】

2016年山东大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解

I. Vocabulary and Grammar (30 points)

Directions: Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that best

completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.

1. He felt that the uninspiring routine of office work was too _ for someone of his talent and creativity.

A. prosaic

B. insatiable

C. exacting

D. enthralling

【答案】A

【解析】句意：他感觉到平淡的日常办公室工作对于有才华和有创造力的人来说太乏味了。prosaic乏味的。

insatiable贪得无厌的。exacting严格的。enthralling迷人的。

2. The museum arranged the fossils in order: placing the older fossils dating from the Late Ice Age on the first

floor and the more recent fossils on the second floor.

A. alphabetical

B. chronological

C. random

D. arbitrary

【答案】B

【解析】句意：博物馆将化石以年代顺序排放，把发现于旧冰川时代的旧化石放在一层，把发现于更近时期的

化石放在第二层。chronological按时间的前后顺序排列的；编年的。alphabetical 按字母表顺序的。random随

机的；任意的。arbitrary随意的；武断的。

3. With the evolution of wings, insects were able to to the far ecological corners, across deserts and bodies of

water, to reach new food sources and inhabit a wider variety of promising environmental niches.

A. relate

B. disperse

C. transgress

D. revert

【答案】B

【解析】句意：随着翅膀的进化，昆虫能够分散到更远的生态聚居地，穿过沙漠与水域，到达新的觅食地，形

成一个有前途的局部小环境。disperse分散，散开。relate（把）联系起来。transgress违背；违反。revert

恢复；重提。

4. Having recently missed out on the Matisse retrospective, which has taken Paris and New York by storm, and on the

tour of great paintings from Philadelphia’s Barnes collection, London is becoming in the competition to show

blockbuster international an exhibitions.

A. a trend-setter

B. an also-ran

C. a world-beater

D. a mecca

【答案】B

【解析】句意：在错过最近巴黎和纽约的马蒂斯回顾展以及费城的巴尼斯画展后，伦敦在国际艺术展览界中处

于不利地位。analso-ran落败者。atrend-setter潮流引领者。aworld-beater天下无敌者。amecca圣地。

5. What most the magazine’s critics is the manner in which its editorial opinions are expressed too often as if only

an idiot could see things any other way.

A. belies

B. impedes

C. riles

D. placates

【答案】C

【解析】句意：最让杂志评论家恼怒的是他们表达社论经常用的方式，就好像只有白痴才会和他们想的不一样。

本题考查动词辨析。rile惹恼，激怒。因此C项正确。belie歪曲真相；掩饰。impede阻碍；妨碍。placate安

抚，抚慰。

6. Despite her compassionate nature, the new nominee to the Supreme Court was single-minded and _ in her strict

adherence to the letter of the law.

A. merciful

B. uncompromising

C. dilatory

D. vindictive

【答案】B

【解析】句意：尽管她富有同情心，但这位最高法院的新任候选人却是专一的，她坚定地维护与遵守法律条文。

uncompromising不妥协的；坚定的。merciful 仁慈的，宽恕的。dilatory拖拉的，延误的。vindictive 怀恨的，

恶意的。

7. Although he generally observed the adage Look before you leap,” in this instance he was acting in an

unconsidered fashion.

A. chary of

B. impervious to

C. precipitate in

D. hesitant about

【答案】C

【解析】句意：虽然他做事通常都三思而后行，可是在这种情况下，他还是操之过急，没有考虑后果。precipitate

in仓促的。charyof谨慎的，小心的。impervious to无动于裹的；不可渗透的。hesitantabout犹豫不决的。

8. Surrounded by a retinue of sycophants who invariably . _ her singing, Callas wearied of the constant adulation and

longed for honest criticism.

A. orchestrated

B. thwarted

C. assailed

D. extolled

【答案】D

【解析】句意：因为身边总是有一群拍马屁的人夸赞歌声，卡拉斯厌倦了这种奉承，她渴望真诚的批评。extol

赞扬，赞美。orchestrate精心策划；把（乐曲）编成管弦乐。thwart阻挠；挫败。assail攻击，袭击。

9. There is nothing . or provisional about Moore’s early critical pronouncements; she deals confidently with what

were then radical new developments in poetry.

A. tentative

B. positive

C. dogmatic

D. shallow

【答案】A

【解析】句意：暂时还没有关于穆尔早期的批判性声明。她自信地处理了当时诗歌上的新发展，新变化。tentative

实验性的；暂时的。positive积极的。dogmatic 教条的；武断的。shallow浅的，肤浅的。

10. She the chance to spend a whole day with her father.

A. jumped on

B. jumped at

C. jumped with

D. jumped up

【答案】B

【解析】句意：她抓住机会和她的父亲共度一天。jump at表示“抓住”。因此本题应选B。jump on跳上；斥

责。jumpwith因..跳起。jumpup突然站起；大幅上涨。

1l. She pointed out that his resume was .. because it merely recorded his previous positions and failed to highlight

the specific skills he had mastered in each job.

A. disinterested

B. inadequate

C. conclusive

D. obligatory

【答案】B

【解析】句意：她指出他的简历是不充足的，因为这份简历仅仅写了他之前的工作经历，而没有强调他工作时

需要的能力和技巧。inadequate不充足的；不足胜任的。disinterested无私的；公正的。conclusive确凿的；决

定性的。obligatory强制性的；义务的。

12. Because it was already known that retroviruses could cause cancer in animals, it seemed only to search for

similar cancer-causing viruses in human beings

A. culpable

B. charitable

C. hypothetical

D. logical

【答案】D

【解析】句意：因为大家早已知道逆转录病毒能够在动物体内致癌，所以在人类体内寻找相似的致癌病毒似乎

是符合逻辑的。logical符合逻辑的；合乎常理的。culpable应受谴责的；应受处罚的。charitable仁慈的，慈

善的。hypothetical假想的；假设的。

13. Her -. is always a source of irritation: she never uses a single word when she can substitute a long clause or

phrase in its place.

A. frivolity

B. verbosity

C. ambivalence

D. cogency

【答案】B

【解析】句意：她说话亢长总是会惹别人生气，当她能用一个词来代替一个长句或短语的时候，她从不那样做。

本题考查名词辨析。verbosity穴长，赘言。因此本题应选B项。frivolity轻浮的举止；轻松的乐事。ambivalence

矛盾心理；矛盾情绪。cogency（理论等）说服力，中肯切题。

14. It is futile to try to destroy pests completely with chemical poison, for as each new chemical pesticide is introduced,

the insects gradually become to it.

A. drawn

B. vulnerable

C. resistant

D. indifferent

【答案】C

【解析】句意：用化学农药来完全杀死害虫是徒劳的，因为每当新的杀虫剂投入使用的时候，害虫都会逐渐对

之产生抗体。resistant抵抗的。drawn疲的；樵粹的。vulnerable易受攻击的；易受伤的。indifferent漠不关

心的；无关紧要的。

15. Ms Ono rarely gives interviews because she believes the news media have her and treated her badly.

A. publicized

B. misrepresented

C. eulogized

D. acclaimed

【答案】B

【解析】句意：奥诺女士很少接受采访因为她认为媒体已经歪曲了她，并且待她不好。misrepresent故意对

作错误的报道。publicize宣传；宣扬。eulogize讴歌；称赞。acclaim赞扬。

16. Totem craftsmanship reached its in the 19th century, when the introduction of metal tools enabled carvers to

execute more sophisticated designs.

A. apex

B. conclusion

C. antithesis

D. reward

【答案】A

【解析】句意：图腾工艺在19世纪达到了顶峰，金属工具的使用使得雕工能够完成更为复杂的设计。apex顶，

尖。conclusion结论。antithesis对立；对偶。reward报酬，赏金。

17. As delicate and , as insect bodies are, it is remarkable that over the ages enough of’ them have .-, preserved

in amber for scientists to trace insect evolution.

A. beautiful…disappeared

B. fragile…survived

C. impervious…multiplied

D. refined…awakened

【答案】B

【解析】句意：尽管昆虫的身体脆弱轻巧，但随着时代的变化，它们当中有许多还是幸存了下来，保存在琥珀

中供科学家研究其进化过程。fragile脆弱的。survive幸存。beautiful美丽的。disappear消失。impervious无

动于衷的；不可渗透的。multiply乘；增加。refined 精制的。awaken唤醒，（使）觉醒。

18. Unfortunately, the current Broadway season offers some fare that sounds markedly like imitations of previous

hits.

A. epic

B. radical

C. formulaic

D. incongruous

【答案】C

【解析】句意：不幸的是，如今的百老汇演出季还是会提供一些听起来与之前相似的模式化票价。formulaic

公式的；刻板的。epic史诗般的；宏大的。radical 激进的；彻底的。incongruous不相称的；不和谐的。

19. For those who admire realism, Louis Malle’s recent film succeeds because it consciously shuns the stuff of legend

and tells story as it might actually unfold with fallible people in earthly time.

A. a derivative

B. an antiquated

C. an unembellished

D. an ethereal

【答案】

【解析】句意：对于那些喜爱现实主义的人来说，路易马勒的新电影是成功的，因为它有意识的避开了传说中

的东西，讲述了一个平常的故事，在这个故事里，人会犯错。unembellished无装饰的，无修饰的。derivative

衍生的；导出的。antiquated过时的，陈旧的。ethereal轻飘的；天上的。

20. Crabeater seal, the common name of Lobodon car-cinophagus, is a -, since the animal’s staple diet is not crabs,

but krill.

A. pseudonym

B. misnomer

C. delusion

D. digression

【答案】B

【解析】句意：食蟹海豹的学名是Lobodoncar-cinophagus，这个词有点不合适，因为食蟹海豹的主食是磷虾，

而不是蟹。misnomer使用不当的名字或名称。pseudonym笔名。delusion妄想；错觉。digression离题，岔开。

II. Reading Comprehension (40 points)

Section 1 Multiple choice (20 points)

Directions: In this section there are two reading passages followed by multiple-choice question. Read the passages and

then mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.

Passage A

The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying

goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision, and only then

taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on

what is vaguely termed “intuition”’ to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity,

inconsistency, novelty, and surprise; and to integrate action into the process of thinking.

Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In

general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality; others

view it as an excuse for capriciousness.

of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem

exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not

arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A third

function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an “Aha!”

experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior

executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods

for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of

engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a

manager recognizes familiar patterns one of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that

thinking” is inseparable from acting. Since massagers often “know” what is right before they can analyze and explain it,

they frequently act first and explain later. Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking/acting cycles, in which

managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then

acting, but by acting and analyzing in dose concert.

Given the great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a

course of action simply to learn more about an issue. They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete

understanding of the issue. One implicating of thinking/acting cycles is that action is often part of defining the problem,

not just of implementing the solution.

21. According to the passage, senior managers use intuition in all of the following ways EXCEPT to.

A. speed up of the creation of a solution to a problem

B. identify a problem

C. bring together disparate facts

D. stipulate clear goals

A. They have criticized managers for not following the classical rational model of decision analysis.

B. They have not based their analyses on a sufficiently large sample of actual managers.

C. They have relied in drawing their conclusions on what managers say rather than on what managers do.

D. They have misunderstood how managers use intuition in making business decisions.

23. Which of the following is best exemplifies “an ‘Aha!’ experience” in paragraph three as it is presented in the

passage?

A. A manager risks taking an action whose outcome is unpredictable to discover whether the action changes the

problem at hand.

B. A manager performs well-learned and familiar behavior patterns in creative and uncharacteristic ways to solve a

problem.

C. A manager suddenly connects seemingly unrelated facts and experiences to create a pattern relevant to the

problem at hand.

D. A manager rapidly identifies the methodology used to compile data yielded by systematic analysis.

24. According to the passage the classical model of decisions analysis includes all of the following EXCEPT .

A. creation of possible solutions to a problem

B. establishment of clear goals to be reached by the decision

C. action undertaken in order to discover more information about a problem

D. comparison of the probable effects of different solutions to a problem

25. The passage provides support for which of the following statements?

A. Managers who rely on intuition are more successful than those who rely on formal decision analysis.

B. Intuition enables managers to employ their practical experience more efficiently.

C. Managers intuition works contrary to their rational and analytical skills.

D. Logical analysis of a problem increases the number of possible solutions.

【答案与解析】

21. D 由关键词“senior managers”可定位至第三段第一句。通过仔细阅读和理解本段中所谈到的五点，则可推

导出本题的正确选项是D选项。A、B、C三个选项所涉及的内容分别在本段的第五点、第一点和第三点

22. D 事实细节题。第二段中列举了“managementwriters”的观点，且第二句说“…suchwriters displaya poor grasp

of what intuition is，some…，others…”，由此可见有些管理方面的作者错误地理解了直觉在高级经理人做

决策中的用处，故只有D项与原文相符。

23. C # 推理判断题。由关键词“an‘Aha!‘experience”定位至第三段中间部分，它是对“Athird function of intuition”

的注解。只有C选项较好的表达了这一层意思，因此C正确。

24. C 事实细节题。根据题干关键词“theclassicalmodelof decisions analysis”定位至第一段第一句。A、B、D

三个选项是对原文传统决策模式的同义转述。而C项则是该段最后一句提到的直觉决策的特点。故答案

为C项。

25. B 文章第一段最后一句谈到在每天的决策中，经理人更多的依靠直觉来进行决策，再由第三段得知直觉能

够帮助他们迅速的找到问题的解决办法。因此答案为B选项。

Passage B

For some time scientists have believed that cholesterol plays a major role in heart disease because people with

they invariably, develop heart disease. These people lack cell-surface receptors for low-density lipoproteins (LDL’s),

which are the fundamental carriers of blood cholesterol to the body cells that use cholesterol. Without an adequate

number of cell-surface receptors to remove LDL’s from the blood, the cholesterol-carrying LDL’s remain in the blood,

increasing blood cholesterol levels Scientists also noticed that people with familial hypercholesterolemia appear to

produce more LDL’s than normal individuals. How, scientists wondered, could a genetic mutation that causes a

slowdown in the removal of LDL’s from the blood also result in an increase in the synthesis of this cholesterol-carrying

protein?

Since scientists could not experiment on human body tissue, their knowledge of familial hypercholesterolemia was

severely limited. However, a breakthrough came in the laboratories of Yoshio Watanabe of Kobe University in Japan in

1980. Watanabe noticed that a male rabbit in his colony had ten times the normal concentration of cholesterol in its blood.

By appropriate breeding, Watanabe obtained a strain of rabbits that had very high cholesterol levels. These rabbits

spontaneously developed heart disease. To his surprise Watanabe further found that the rabbits, like humans with familial

hypercholesterolemia, lacked LDI, receptors. Thus, scientists could study these Watanabe rabbits to gain a better

understanding of familial hypercholesterolemia in humans.

Prior to the breakthrough at Kobe University, it was known that LDL’s are secreted from the liver in the form of a

precursor, called very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL’s), which carry triglycerides as well as relatively small amounts

of cholesterol. The triglycerides are removed from the VLDFs by fatty and other tissues. What remains is a remnant

particle that must be removed from the blood. What scientists learned by studying the Watanabe rabbits is that the

removal of the VLDL remnant requires the LDL receptor. Normally, the majority of the VLDL remnants go to the liver

where they bind to LDLreceptors and are degraded. In the Watanabe rabbit, due to a lack of LDI receptors on liver cells,

the VLDL remnants remain in the blood and are eventually converted to LDL’s The LDL receptors thus have a dual

effect in controlling LDL levels They are necessary to prevent over synthesis of LDL’s from VLDL remnants and they

are necessary for the normal removal of LDL’s from the blood. With this knowledge, scientists are now well on the way

hypercholesterolemia.

26. In the passage, the author is primarily concerned with

A. presenting a hypothesis and describing compelling evidence in support of it

B. raising a question and describing an important discovery that led to an answer

D. explaining what causes the genetic mutation that leads to heart disease

27. The passage supplies information to ans wer which of the following questions?

A. Which body cells are the primary users of cholesterol?

B. How did scientists discover that LDL’s are secreted from the liver in the form of a precursor?

C. Where in the body are VLDL remnants degraded?

D. Which body tissues produce triglycerides?

28. According to the passage by studying the Watanabe rabbits scientists learned that

A. VLDL remnants are removed from the blood by LDL receptors in the liver

B. LDL’s are secreted from the liver in the form of precursors called VLDL’s

C. VLDI, remnant particles contain small amounts of cholesterol

D. LDL receptors remove LDLs from the blood

29. The development of drug treatments for some forms of familial hypercholesterolemia is regarded by the author as

A. highly probable

B. interesting, but too costly to be practical

C. promising, but many years off

D. extremely unlikely

30. The passage implies that Watanabe rabbits differ from normal rabbits in which of the following ways?

A. Watanabe rabbits have more LDL receptors than do normal rabbits.

B. The blood of Watanabe rabbits contains more VLDL remnants than does the blood of normal rabbits.

C. Watanabe rabbits have fewer fatty tissues than do normal rabbits.

D. Watanabe rabbits secrete lower levels of VLDL’s than do normal rabbits.

【答案与解析】

26.B主旨题。文章首段最后一句作者提出一个问题，即“How,scientistswondered,could…in thesynthesis of this

cholesterol-carrying protein?”，之后在第二段作者写到“However, a breakthrough came in the laboratories of

YoshioWatanabeofKobeUniversity inJapanin1980.”，由此可知，作者先提出一个问题，然后再谈论由这

个问题所引发的一次重大发现。故B项正确。

27.C根据最后一段中间部分可知，绝大多数VLDL残留物会来到肝脏，在这里与LDL受体结合并降解，故本

题应选C项。其余三个选项文章均未提到。

28.A文章最后一段讨论了LDL受体在生命体中的作用。原文中说到“the removal of the VLDLremnant requires

the LDLreceptor”，即VLDL残留物的去除需要LDL受体的参加。所以答案为A项。

29．A推理判断题。由文章最后一句可知，具备了这些知识，科学家现在早已开始着手研究药物，可极大地减

少那些患有某种形式的家族性高胆固醇血症的病人的胆固醇含量。再由前文科学家的重大发现，这些都预

示着研发出减少家族性高胆固醇血症的病人的胆固醇含量的药物是有很大可能的。故选A。

30.B第三段谈到这项实验的研究结果是VLDL残留物的去除需要LDL受体的参加。而Watanaberabbits缺少

LDL受体，所以Watanaberabbits的血液里含有更多的VLDL残留物。故答案为B项。

Section 2Answering questions (20 points)

Directions: Read the following passages and then answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions which follow each

passage. Use only information from the passage you have just read and write your answer in the corresponding space in

your ANSWER SHEET.

Questions 1~2

David Maraniss choked up when he saw the two-minute Chrysler advertisement during the Super Bowl, the annual

Suddenly he realized how much he still cared for his birthplace where he spent the first six and a half years of his life So

much so that he decided to write his 12th book about the city, when it was at the peak of its economic, political and

cultural power. He picked the early 1960s, from the autumn of 1962 to the spring of 1964. At the time Detroit was the

economic engine of America In January 1963 Life magazine published a story under the headline “Glow from Detroit

Spreads Everywhere”. The factories of Ford, General Motors, Chrysler and American Motors were firing on all cylinders.

The increase in women drivers, the trend towards two-car families the rising income of the post-war baby boomers and

the promise of foreign markets inspired tremendous optimism for the industry’s growth. The annual motor show was the

biggest and most important event of its kind, the Academy Awards on wheels; on occasion even the vice-president came.

Detroit was also a centre of progressive politics and the civil-rights movement Mr Maraniss devotes an entire

chapter to Walter Reuther the memorable boss of the most powerful union, the United Auto Workers (UAW) His parents,

German immigrants, raised him with visions of social justice and workers’ rights Reuther was an idealist but also a

pragmatist, which made him enemies on the left as well as the right. George Romney, the Republican governor of

Michigan in 1963s, called him the most dangerous man in Detroit because of his ability to bring about the revolution

without seeming to disturb the existing norms of society.

the UAW’s 25sth-anniversary dinner and afterwards distributed copies of King’s speech to the rank-and-file. When

UAW staffers with $160,000 in money belts to bail them out of jail. It could be said that to a significant degree Detroit

and its autoworkers were the civil rights movement’s bank.” Mr Maraniss writes. In Detroit in .June 1963 King led the

“Walk to Freedom”, then the largest civil-rights march and delivered a version of his “I Have a Dream”’ speech which he

Would give nine weeks later at the Lincoln Memorial in Was hington DC.

For all Detroit’s glow, the storm clouds were already gathering in the early 1960s. Mr Maraniss cites a study by

Wayne State University in 1963 that predicted the population of Detroit would drop from nearly 1.7m to 1.2m between

1960 and 1970 and continue to dwindle. “Productive persons who pay taxes are moving out of the city, leaving behind

the non-productive,” the report noted. It also mentioned that in 1960 Detroit% population was 28.9% black and forecast

that by 1970 the city would be 44.3% black, pointing out that blacks who had the resources moved to the suburbs ‘with

the same urgency as whites.”

The report turned out to be unusually prescient. In spite of the efforts of Reuther Cavanagh, King and others, Detroit

was rocked by one of the worst race riots in history in 1967. From then on the pace of the city’s decline quickened. By

the time Mr Maraniss was writing his meticulously researched book, which at times provides almost too much detail for

the uninitiated, Detroit had declared bankruptcy. Its population was 83% black, its workers were largely unskilled and

the city’s headcount had shrunk to 688,000.The city that had given America so much was in desperate need of help.

1. How, significant was Detroit economically and politically in the early 1960s?

2. According to the study by Wayne State University in 1963, how is the change in population structure in Detroit related

to the city’s decline?

【答案与解析】

1. In the early 196Os, economically, Detroit was the economic engine of America. The factories of Ford, General Motors,

Chrysler and American Motors were firing on all cylinders. The increase in women drivers, the trend towards two-car

families the rising income of the post-war baby boomers and the promise of foreign markets inspired tremendous

optimism for the industry’s growth. Politically, Detroit was also a centre of progressive politics and the civil-rights

movement.

(Detroit 的政治和经济地位主要集中在第一段和第二段。）

2. Productive persons who paid taxes were moving out of the city, leaving behind the non-productive. Its population was

83% black, its workers were largely unskilled and the city’s headcount had shrunk to 688,000.The city that had given

America so much was in desperate need of help.

(第四段介绍了人口结构与税收的关系，第五段详细说明了人口结构对Detroit的城市衰落造成的影响。）

Questions 3~5

At first glance the patriarchy appears to be thriving. More than 90% of presidents and prime ministers are male, as

are nearly all big corporate bosses. Men dominate finance, technology, films, sports, music and even stand-up comedy. In

much of the world they still enjoy social and legal privileges simply’ because they have a Y chromosome. So it might

seem odd to worry about the plight: of men.

Yet there is plenty of cause for concern. Men cluster at the bottom as well as the top. They are far more likely than

women to be jailed, estranged from their children, or to kill themselves. They earn fewer university degrees than women,

Boys in the developed world are 50% more likely to flunk basic math, reading and science entirely.

One group in particular is suffering. Poorly educated men in rich countries have had difficulty coping with the

enormous changes in the labor market and the home over the past half:-century. As technology and trade have devalued

brawn, less-educated men have struggled to find a role in the workplace Women, on the other hand, are surging into

expanding sectors such as health care and education, helped by their superior skills. As education has become more

important, boys have also fallen behind girls in school (except at the very top). Men who lose jobs in manufacturing

often never work again. And men without work find it hard to attract a permanent mate. The result, for low-skilled men,

is a poisonous combination of no job, no family and no prospects.

Those on the political left tend to focus on economics. Shrinking job opportunities for men, they say, are

entrenching poverty and destroying families. In America pay for men with only a high-school certificate fell by 21% in

real terms between 1979 and 2013; for women with similar qualifications it rose by 3%. Around a fifth of working-age

American men with only a high-school diploma have no job. Those on the right worry about the collapse of the family.

The vast majority of women would prefer to have a partner who does his bit both financially and domestically. But they

would rather do without one than team up with a lay about, which may be all that is on offer American men without jobs

spend only half as much time on housework and caring for others as do women in the same situation, and much more

time watching television.

Hence is the unraveling of working-class families. The two-parent family, still the norm among the elite, is

vanishing among the poor. In rich countries the proportion of births outside marriage has trebled since 1980, to33% .In

some areas where traditional manufacturing has collapsed, it has reached 70% or more. Children raised in broken homes

learn less at school, are more likely to drop out and earn less later on than children from intact ones. They are also not

very good at forming stable families of their own.

These two sides often talk past each other. But their explanations are not contradictory: both economic and social

changes are to blame and the two causes reinforce each other. Moreover, these problems are likely to get worse.

Technology will disrupt more industries creating benefits for society but rendering workers who fail to update their skills

redundant. The OECD, a think-tank, predicts that the absolute number of single-parent households will continue to rise

in nearly all rich countries. Boys who grow up without fathers are more likely to have trouble forming lasting

relationships, creating a cycle of male dysfunction.

3. In what ways do poorly-educated men in rich countries suffer?

4. What impacts do the shrinking lob opportunities for men have on families?

5. What are the usual drawbacks for children raised in broken homes?

【答案与解析】

3. Poorly educated men in rich countries have had difficulty coping with the enormous changes in the labor market and

the home over the past half-century. Less-educated men have struggled to find a role in the workplace.

(根据第三段可知，教育程度低的男性在富裕国家不仅会受到失业的影响，而且对他们的家庭也有影响。）

4. Shrinking job opportunities for men are entrenching poverty and destroying families. The vast majority of women

would prefer to have a partner who does his bit both financially and domestically. But they would rather do without

one than team up with a lay about, which may be all that is on offer American men without jobs spend only half as

much time on housework and caring for others as do women in the same situation, and much more time watching

television.

(根据第四段可知，工作机会的减少会对男性的家庭带来巨大的影响，例如在照看孩子以及做家务方面。）

5. Children raised in broken homes learn less at school, are more likely to drop out and earn less later on than children

from intact ones. They are also not very good at forming stable families of their own.

(根据第四段可知，生长在破裂家庭中的儿童会更容易学，并且对他们将来的家庭也会造成影响。）

III. Writing (30 points)

China will gradually postpone its statutory retirement age, as its workforce retires the earliest in the world, said an

official on Wednesday.

The Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security is set to publicize a reform plan on postponing the statutory

retirement age, said minister Yin Weimin.

Currently, people retire aged no more than 55, compared to the mid-60s of many other countries, Yin noted.

The reform plan will postpone the retirement age “step by step until it reaches a reasonable level,” according to Yin.

What is your opinion about this?

Write an essay of about 4o0 words to express your views on the topic.

【参考范文】

Is It Necessary to Raise Retirement Age

Nowadays, postponing retirement age is the hot spot of people’s attention. Whether to delay retirement or not is

related to everyone’s vital interests. It’s also a major policy decision of our country. Recently, the minister of the

Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security--- Yin Weimin, said that China would implement a policy to postpone

kinds of attitude have a great contrast. As far as I am concerned, we should take this view into two sides.

On the one hand, as the laborer constitutes the majority in our country, it seems reasonable that some people don’t

agree delay retirement. Many workers have to work hard during their lifetime but have no rest. Besides, they have no

legal holiday and have to work every day. Based on this situation, these people think that delaying retirement age is

unreasonable and unfair. What they expect most is retirement early, because they are not provided with good work

environment and their work ability is limited with age. To put it in another way, they may don’t have a healthy body

when they get older. Some jobs don’t need the old whose age and physical condition are not suitable for the requirement.

Therefore, they believe that stay on the job is not appropriate for them because of lttle contribution to the society.

On the other hand, for those who are highly educated talents, retirement delay is a feasible measure that can be

taken to prevent the waste of talent resources. In our country, the average age to start work of Doctor is 30. Compared

delayed, they will spend more time devoting themselves to the development of the country. Considering this, the nature

of work is also an important factor influencing the retirement age, that is, we should make the policy according to

specific conditions. For example, because Doctor is highly skilled and they have high professional qualification, their

From what has been discussed above, delaying retirement age is the trend of the times. We need to stand on

different worker’s perspectives on this issue. Only when we take the workers interests into account, can we formulate a

better policy to promote national development and social progress.

【解析】

本篇作文为议论文。题目要求对“延期退休政策”进行评论，并给出自已的看法。考生在写作时，首先应引

出话题，阐明论点，明确自已的观点，然后就自已的观点进行论证，最后，应对文章进行总结，再次点题。

文章第一段通过转述题于中国即将实行延期退休政策，表达了作者自已的观点，作者认为应该一分为二的看

待问题。

第二段，作者论证了延期退休的弊端。延期退休会使得快退休的人们不能享受退休后的悠闲时光。

第三段，作者从另一方面解释了延期退休的好处，即可以人尽其才，更好地为国家服务。

最后一段，作者做出总结：我们应该具体问题具体分析，只有这样才能制定出更好的政策来促进国家发展和

社会进步。