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英语翻译基础2017（357）【试题+答案】

2017年山东大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解

are altogether 30 items in this part of the test, 15 in English and 15 in Chinese, with one point for each.

(30′)

  1. UNICEF

【答案】联合国儿童基金会

2.APEC

【答案】亚太经合组织

3.FDA

【答案】（美）食品及药物管理局

  1. INTERPOL

【答案】国际刑事警察组织

  1. Tuberculosis

【答案】肺结核

  1. Yasukuni Shrine

【答案】靖国神社

  1. unilateralism

【答案】单边主义

  1. tsunami

【答案】海啸

  1. commercial attaché

【答案】商务参赞

  1. epidemiology

【答案】流行病学

  1. Chinese Academy of Engineering

【答案】中国工程院

  1. UN Security Council

【答案】安理会

  1. overcapacity

【答案】生产能力过剩

  1. biopsy

【答案】活组织检查

  1. the State Administration of Foreign Exchange

【答案】国家外汇管理局

16.固定资产投资

【答案】FAI(fixed asset investment)

17.法制

【答案】legal system

18.阅兵式

【答案】militaryparade

19.南海

【答案】the SouthChina Sea

20.中国工商银行

【答案] ICBC(Industrial and Commercial Bank of China)

21.中海油

【答案】 CNOOC(China National Offshore Oil Corporation)

22.出口退税

【答案】taxrebate

23．京剧

【答案】PekingOpera

24.孙中山

【答案】SunYat-sen

25.国事访问

【答案】statevisit

26.圈径

【答案】circle trail

27．行为准则

【答案】codeofconduct

28.去杠杆过程

【答案】deleveraging process

29.天理

【答案】justice

30.中等收入陷阱

【答案】middle-income trap

English, its target language is Chinese. If the source text is in Chinese, its target language is English.

(120’)

Source Text 1

Every September, the campuses of Peking and Tsinghua Universities, dubbed the Harvard and M.I.T. of China, brim

with bright-eyed new students, the winners of China’s cutthroat education system. These young men and women possess

the outlook of cosmopolitan youth worldwide: sporting designer clothes and wielding smartphones, they share

experiences of foreign travel and bond over common fondness for Western television shows such as “The Big Bang

Theory” and “Sherlock.”

They are destined for bright futures: In a few decades, they will fill high-powered positions in government and

become executives in state banks and multinational companies. But their ever-expanding career possibilities belie the

increasingly narrow slice of society they represent.

China’s state education system, which offers nine years of compulsory schooling and admits students to colleges

strictly through exam scores, is often hailed abroad as a paradigm for educational equity. The impression is reinforced by

Chinese students’ consistently good performance in international standardized tests. But this reputation is a myth.

While China has phenomenally expanded basic education for its people, quadrupling its output of college graduates

in the past decade, it has also created a system that discriminates against its less wealthy and poorly connected citizens,

thwarting social mobility at every step with bureaucratic and financial barriers.

A huge gap in educational opportunities between students from rural areas and those from cities is one of the main

culprits. Some 60 million students in rural schools are “left-behind” children, cared for by their grandparents as their

parents seek work in faraway cities. While many of their urban peers attend schools equipped with state-of-the-art

facilities and well-trained teachers, rural students often huddle in decrepit school buildings and struggle to grasp

advanced subjects such as English and chemistry amid a dearth of qualified instructors.

【参考译文】

每年九月，在常被誉为“中国哈佛和M.I.T.”的北京大学和清华大学的校园里，都会遍布神采奕奕的大一新

生，他们是从中国千军万马挤独木桥的教育体制中脱颖而出的优胜者。这些少男少女们与他们在其他国家的同龄

人一样国际范儿十足：穿着潮流新品，拿着智能手机，他们或分享出国旅行的见闻，或交流着对《生活大爆炸》

和《神探夏洛克》等英美电视剧的热爱。

他们注定拥有光明的前途：几十年后，他们就将进入政府高层机关，或是掌舵国有银行和其他跨国公司。然

而在他们似锦前程背后，却是他们所代表的日益狭窄的社会阶层。

中国提供九年义务教育，并将考试分数作为唯一标准选拔大学生，这也在国外常常被褒奖为促进教育均等分

配的典范。中国学生在国际标准的考试中耀眼的成绩也似乎更加印证了这样的看法。但中国教育获得的这些赞誉

或许只是虚名。

虽然中国在民众中极大地普及了基础教育，让大学毕业生人数翻了四倍，但另一方面它也造就了一个欺贫凌

弱的体制：以官僚阻挠和收入门槛拖累着社会下层力争上游的步伐。导致这个问题的罪魁祸首之一，便是城乡之

间教育资源的分配不均。在农村还有着6000方“留守”儿童，他们由爷爷奶奶带大，父母去了遥远的城市打工。

当他们在城市的许多同龄人在设备一流的校园里读书，接受科班出身老师的辅导时，农村孩子们却还都蜷缩在破

败的教室里，在缺少合格老师情况下艰难地学习英语、化学等高难度科目。

Source Text 2

我一向没有对于任何问题作高深研究的野心，因之所以买的书范围较厂，宗教、艺术、文学、社会、哲学、

历史、生物，各方面差不多都有一点。最多的是各国文学名著的译本，与本国古来的诗文集，别的门类只是些概

论等类的入门书而已。

我不喜欢向别人或图书馆借书。借来的书，在我好像过不来瘾似的，必要是自已买的才满足。这也可谓是一

种占有的欲望。买到了几册新书，一册一册再加盖藏书印记，我最感到快悦的是这时候。

书籍到了我的手里，我的习惯是先看序文，次看目录。页数不多的往往立刻通读，篇幅大的，只把正文任择

一二章节略加翻阅，就插在书架上。除小说外，我少有全体读完的大部的书，只凭了购入当时的记忆，知道某册

书是何种性质，其中大概有些什么可取的材料而已。什么书在什么时候再去读再去翻，连我自已也无把握，完全

要看一个时期的兴趣。关于这事，我常自比为古时的皇帝，而把插在架上的书籍作列屋而居的宫女。

【参考译文】

Since I have never entertained ambition for making a profound study of any subject, the books I have acquired

cover almost everything-religion, art, literature, sociology, philosophy, history, biology, etc. Most of them are Chinese

translations of literary works by famous foreign writers and anthologies of Chinese poetry and prose through the ages.

The rest, often called an outline or introduction, are merely on rudiments of various subjects.

I never care to borrow books from other people or a library. It seems that books bought can better satisfy my

have some new acquisitions, it always gives me great pleasure and satisfaction to stamp my ex-libris on them one by one.

As soon as a new book comes to hand, I always read the preface first and then the table of contents. If it happens to

be a thin one, I often finish reading it at one sitting.

read a thick book from cover to cover unless it is a novel. By dint of the first impression it made on me at the time of

buying, I have a rough idea of what a book is about and what useful materials in it are available to me. But I have little

idea which book is to be read or looked over again at what time. It is completely subject to the whims of the moment.

This often prompts me to liken myself and the books on my shelves respectively to an ancient emperor and his

concubines housed separately in a row of adjoining rooms.