翻译硕士英语2017（211）
山东大学
二〇七年招收攻读硕土学位研究生入学考试试题
科目代码 211 科目名称翻译硕士英语
（1-30题涂在答题卡上，其余答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题上无效）
, Vocabulary and Grammar (30%).
Directions: Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.
Choose the answer that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on yoiur answer sheet.
- Since the island soil has been barren for so many years, the natives must now
much of their food.
(A) deliver (B) import(C) produce.. (D) develop
- Because Jenkins neither attacks nor defends either management or the striking workers, both
sides admire his journalistic
(A) acumen : (B) neutrality(C)aptitude . (D) flair
- Some anthropologists claim that a few apes have been taught a rudimentary sign language,
but skeptics argue that the apes are only. their trainers.
(A) imitating.. (B) condoning (C) instructing (D) acknowledging
- It is ironic that the insights of the great.thinkers are voiced so often that they have
become mere cliches .
(A) original (B) banal. (C) dubious: (D) philosophical
- The most frustrating periods of any diet are the inevitable plateaus, when weight
loss. if not stops.
(A) accelerates(B) halts (C) contracts (D) slows
- .Since the author’s unflattering references to her friends .were so she was
surprised that her allusions were recognized.
(A) laudatory (B) obvious” (C) oblique (D) critical
- Mark was intent on maintaining his status as first in his class; because even the smallest
mistakes infuriated him, he reviewed all his papers before submitting them to his
teacher.
(A) explicitly (B) perfunctorily (C) honestly (D) assiduously
- Since many disadvantaged individuals view their situations as immutable as well as
intolerable, their attitudes are best described as
(A) obscure (B) bellicose: (C) sanguine .(D) resigned
- The subtleties of this novei are evident not so much in the character delineation as they.are
in its profoundly plot structure.
(A)eclectic (B)trite : : : (C)aesthetic : :- (D) intricate
- The police. the witness about the accident.
(A) question (B) ask (C) interrogate: (D) inquire
- If it is true that morality cannot exist without religion, then does not the erosion of religion
herald the. Of morality?
(A) regulation(B) basis : (C) belief (D) collapse
- Certain animal behaviors, such :as mating rituals, seem to be and
therefore unaffected by external factors such as climate changes, food supply, or the presence
of other animals of the same species.
(A) learned (B) innate(C) intricate (D) specific
- Shaken by two decades of virtual anarchy, the majority of people were ready to
buy. at any price.
(A) order (B) emancipation (C) enfranchisement (D)liberty
- As a person who combines care with , Marisa completed her duties with
meticulousness as well as zeal.
(A) levity (B) geniality ( (C) enthusiasm (D) empathy
i5. Her shrewd campaign managers were responsible for the fact that her political slogans
were actually forgotten cliches revived and with new meaning.
(A) fathomed (B) instilled (C) foreclosed(D) instigated
- The stoic former general led his civilian life as he had his military life, with simplicity
and dignity.
(A) benevolent (B) informal (C) austere (D) succinct
- Although bound to impose the law, a judge is free to use his discretion
to the anachronistic barbarity of some criminal penalties.
(A) mitigate (B) understand (C) condone .(D) provoke
- Henry viewed Melissa as. ; she seemed to be against any position regardless of
its merits.
(A) heretical (B) disobedient (C) contrary (D) inattentive
- Dr. Schwartz’s lecture on art, while detailed and scholarly, focused exclusively on the
premodern; some students may have appreciated his specialized knowledge, but those with
more _ interests may have been disappointed.
(A) medieval (B) comprehensive (C) technical (D) creative
- Only when one actually visits the ancient ruins of marvelous bygone civilizations does one
truly appreciate the sad of human greatness.
(A) perspicacity (B) magnitude (C) artistry (D) transience
-, Reading Comprehension (40%).
Section 1 Multiple choice (20%)
Directions: In this section there are two reading passages followed by multiple-choice
questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your answer sheet.
Passage A
These days we hear a lot of nonsense about the ‘great classless society’. The idea that the
twentieth century is the age of the common man has become one of the great cliches of our
time. The same old arguments.are put forward in evidence. Here are some of them: monarchy
as a system of government has been completely discredited. The monarchies that survive have
been deprived of all political power. Inherited wealth has been savagely reduced by taxation
and, in time, the great fortunes will disappear altogether. In a number of countries the victory
has been complete. The people rule; the great millennium has become a political reality. But
has it? Close examination doesn’t bear out the claim.
It is a fallacy to suppose that all men are equal and that society will be leveled out if you
provide everybody with the same educational opportunities. (It is debatable whether you can
ever provide everyone with the same educational opportunities, but that is another question.)
The fact is that nature dispenses brains and ability with a total disregard for the principle of
equality. The old rules of the jungle, ‘survival of the fittest’, and ‘might is right’ are still with
us. The spread of education has destroyed the old-class system and created a new one. Rewards
are based on merit. For ‘aristocracy” read ‘meritocracy’; in other respects, society remains
unaltered: the class system is rigidly maintained.
Genuine ability, animal cunning, skill, the knack of seizing opportunities, all bring
material rewards. And what is the first thing people do when they become rich? They use their
wealth to secure the best possible opportunities for their children, to give them ‘a good start in
life’. For all the lip service we pay to the idea of equality, we do not consider this wrong in the
western world. Private schools which offer unfair advantages over state schools are not banned
because one of the principles in a democracy is that people should be free to choose how they
will educate their children. In this way, the new meritocracy can perpetuate itself to a certain
extent: an able child from a wealthy home can succeed far more rapidly than his poorer
counterpart. Wealth is also used indiscriminately to further political ends. It would be almost
impossible to become the leader of a democracy without massive financial backing. Money is
as powerful a weapon as ever it was.
In societies wholly dedicated to the principle of social equality, privileged private
education is forbidden. But even here people are rewarded according to their abilities. In fact,
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so great is the need for skilled workers that the least able may be neglected. Bright children are
carefully and expensively trained to become future rulers. In the end, all political ideologies
boil down to the same thing: class divisions persist whether you are ruled by a feudal king or
an educated peasant.
- What is the main idea of this passage?
(A) Equality of opportunity in the twentieth century has not destroyed the class system.
(B) Equality means money.
(C) There is no such society as classless society.
(D) Nature can’t give you a classless society.
- According to the author, the same educational opportunities can’t get rid of inequality
because
(A) the principle survival of the fittest’ exists.
(B) nature ignores equality in dispensing brains and ability.
(C) material rewards are for genuine ability.
(D) people have the freedom how to educate their children
- Who can obtain more rapid success?
(A) Those with wealth.
(B) Those with the best brains.
(C) Those with the best opportunities.
(D) Those who have the ability to catch at opportunities.
- Why does the author say the new meritocracy can perpetuate itself to a certain extent?
(A) Money decides everything.
(B) Private schools offer advantages over state schools.
(C) People are free to choose the way of educating their children.
(D) Wealth is used for political ends.
- According to the author, ‘class divisions’ refers to
(A) the rich and the poor.
(B) Different opportunities for people
(C) Oppressor and the oppressed.
(D) Genius and stupidity.
Passage B
The tourist trade is booming. With all this coming and going, you’d expect greater
understanding to develop between the nations of the world. Not a bit of it! Superb systems of
communication by air, sea and land make it possible for us to visit each other’s countries at a
moderate cost. What was once the ‘grand tour’, reserved for only the very rich, is now within
everybody’s grasp? The package tour and chartered flights are not to be sneered at. Modern
travelers enjoy a level of comfort which the lords and ladies on grand tours in the old days
couldn’t have dreamed of. But what’s the sense of this mass exchange of populations if the
nations of the world remain basically ignorant of each other?
Many tourist organizations are directly responsible for this state of affairs. They
deliberately set out to protect their clients from too much contact with the local population.
The modern tourist leads a cosseted, sheltered life. He lives at international hotels, where he
eats his international food and sips his international drink while he gazes at the natives from a
distance. Conducted tours to places of interest are carefully censored. The tourist is allowed to
see only what the organizers want him to see and no more. A strict schedule makes it
impossible for the tourist to wander off on his own; and anyway, language is always a barrier,
so he is only too happy to be protected in this way. At its very worst, this leads to a new and
hideous kind of colonization. The summer quarters of the inhabitants of the cite universities:
are temporarily reestablished on the island of Corfu, Blackpool is recreated at Torremolinos
where the traveler goes not to eat paella, but fish and chips.
The sad thing about this situation is that it leads to the persistence of national stereotypes.
We don’t see the people of other nations as they really are, but as we have been brought up to
believe they are. You can test this for yourself. Take five nationalities, say, French, German,
English, American and Italian. Now in your mind, match them with these five adjectives:
musical, amorous, cold, pedantic, native. Far from providing us with any insight into the
national characteristics of the peoples just mentioned, these adjectives actually act as barriers.
So when you set out on your travels, the only characteristics you notice are those which
confirm your preconceptions. You come away with the highly unoriginal and inaccurate
impression that, say, “Anglo-Saxons are hypocrites’ of that ‘Latin peoples shout a lot’. You
only have to make a few foreign friends to understand how absurd and harmful national
stereotypes are. But how can you make foreign fricnds when the tourist trade does its best to
prevent you?
Carried to an extreme, stereotypes can be positively dangerous. Wild generalizations stir
up racial hatred and blind us to the basic fact—how trite it sounds! — That all people are human.
We are all similar to each other and at the same time all unique.
- The best title for this passage is
(A) tourism contributes nothing to increasing understanding between nations.
(B) tourism is tiresome.
(C) conducted tour is dull.
(D) tourism really does something to one’s country.
- What is the author’s attitude toward tourism?
(A) apprehensive.
(B) negative.
(C) critical.
(D) appreciative.
- Which word in the following is the best to summarize Latin people shout a lot?
(A) silent.
(B) noisy.
(C) lively.
(D) active.
- The purpose of the author’s criticism is to point out
(A) conducted tour is disappointing.
(B) the way of touring should be changed.
(C) when traveling, you notice characteristics which confirm preconception
(D) national stereotypes should be changed.
- What is““grand tour” now?
(A) moderate cost.
(B) local sight-seeing is investigated by the tourist organization.
(C) people enjoy the first-rate comforts.
(D) everybody can enjoy the ‘grand tour’.
Section 2 Answering questions (20%)
Directions: Read the following passages and then answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES the
questions which follow each passage. Use only information from the passage you have just
read and write your answer in the corresponding space in your answer sheet.
Questions 1-3
Kidnappings for ransom, drug-smuggling, fake invoicing and extortion are just a few of
the ways in which terrorists raise cash for their nefarious deeds. Some scams take advantage of
globalization: American officials found that Hizbullah, a Lebanese movement, raised funds by
exporting used cars from America and selling them in west Africa.
Governments are understandably keen to cut terrorists off from sources of cash, and have
been taking drastic steps to punish banks for involvement in financing dangerous people. In
2012 the American authorities imposed a $1.9 billion fine on HSBC, a British bank, for lax
controls on money-laundering. Big fines have been meted out to Barclays, ING and Standard
Chartered for money-laundering or sanctions-busting. BNP Paribas of France is said to be
facing a fine of as much as $10 billion in America. Such stiff penalties are popular, and
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provide great press for ambitious prosecutors. Cut the flow of money to terrorism, their
thinking goes, and it will wither.
Yet there are two problems with this approach. First, the regulations are so demanding and
the fines so large that banks are walking away from countries and businesses where they
perceive even the faintest whiff of risk. American regulators, for instance, require banks to
know not only who their customers are, and what they plan to do with their cash, but also the
identities and intentions of their customers’ customers. Correspondent-banking
relationships---the arteries of global finance that allow people and firms to send money from
one country to another, even if their own bank does not have a branch there—are therefore
collapsing. Some of world’s biggest banks privately say they are cutting as many as a third of
these relationships.
This retreat will have little impact on the rich world. Britain’s Lloyds Banking Group, say,
will probably always transact with Wells Fargo in America or ICBC in China. But it could
prove devastating to small, poor countries whose banks lose their big international partners just
because the costs of checking up on them outweigh the paltry profits they generate. Some
countries risk being cut off from the financial system altogether: British banks last year
threatened to close the last pipeline for money transfers into Somalia. Others will see the costs
of intermediation rise: bankers talk of a tenfold increase in fees paid to send money to
countries such as Tanzania. Cotton farmers in Mali and small exporters in Indonesia will find it
increasingly hard to get trade finance. Even well-known charities responding to UN calls for
assistance in countries such as Syria are struggling to get banks to let them send aid.
Making it harder to follow the money.
Were all of this actually preventing terrorism it might be judged a fair trade-off. Yet-and
this is the second problem with this approach---it seems likely to be ineffective or even
counter-productive. Terrorism is not particularly expensive, and the money needed to finance it
can travel by informal routes. In 2012 guards on the border between Nigeria and Niger arrested
a man linked to Boko Haram, a Nigerian terror group, with 35,000 in his underpants: laughable,
except that the group has killed around 1,500 people this year alone. Restrictions on banks will
intelligence on terrorist networks now that the money flows within them are entirely illicit.
When the G20 meets later this year it should urge its members to accept the risk that even in
well-regulated banking systems money may find its way to terrorists. Banks should be given
clear guidance on necessary safeguards, but not held responsible for every breach:
-
Why does the American government impose fines on banks? How severe are the fines?
-
What impacts do the fines have on banking?
-
Why do the fines fail to prevent terrorism?
Questions 4-5
CHINA’S biggest carmaker does not seem to be doing so badly, a first glance at SAIC’s
third quarter results on October 3Oth would suggest. Net profits rose by nearly 5% compared
with a year earlier, to 6.8 billion yuan ($1.1 billion). But SAIC, like the country’s many other
domestic car firms, is not firing on all cylinders and is far from living up to the hopes the
government has invested in the state giant.
SAIC makes a quarter of the vehicles that crawl along the country’s congested roads. In
the third quarter it sold 1.3m cars, 9% more than a year earlier. Overall Chinese demand,
tempered by a cooling economy, grew by just 4%. But SAIC’s success was mostly due not to
cars bearing its own badges, but Volkswagen and General Motors models, made in factories
jointly operated with these two Western giants.
Foreign carmakers were forced to collaborate with Chinese ones as the price for entering
what is now the world’s largest automotive market. SAIC’s partnerships with VW and GM are
flourishing, as are the other Chinese-foreign joint ventures. The government had hoped that, by
now, domestic firms would have absorbed all they needed to know from the foreigners about
making and selling world-ciass cars, and be ready to get by without them.
But the success of the joint ventures has made the Chinese firms complacent. They have
failed to develop their own technology, styling or marketing capability. SAIC has long been
losing money on its own-brand cars, which sell under badges such as Roewe and MG (the
latter a faded British brand it bought along with other parts of the collapsed Rover Group). In
the latest quarter the losses rose sharply, to around 2 billion yuan. A vicious circle has set in:
the poor financial performance of Chinese firms’ own brands has sapped their will to invest in
research and development to improve their performance on the road and in the showrooms.
Little wonder, then, that Chinese motorists spurn pleas for patriotism and covet foreign-badged
motors.
The government has tried to fix the problem by pressing the foreign carmakers to work
with the locals to create new brands combining international flair with Chinese characteristics.
So far this has made little difference: Chinese brands account for only about one-third of
domestic sales, and their share continues to dwindle.
Chinese vehicles have not travelled well. Exports, mostly to poor countries where drivers
care about price more than image, were fewer than 600,000 in 2013, 10% lower than the year
before. SAIC’s hopes that Rover Group’s brands and technology would help it do better in rich
countries have yet to be met. Three years after it relaunched the MG brand in Britain, it is
selling just a few hundred cars a month there. Likewise Geely, a smaller Chinese maker, has
yet to see much benefit from buying Volvo of Sweden.
China’s carmakers are still trying to improve. A recent survey from JD Power, a
market-research firm, shows that the quality gap with foreign rivals is closing. The Chinese
firms are busy hiring Western designers to make their models more distinguished. But like
many of its peers, SAIC lacks foreign managers who have the skills to market cars abroad and
set up the service networks that buyers expect. No wonder the government’s ambition for
China to boast two or three world-class car firms, with badges as recognizable as Toyotas or
Fords, remains a distant dream.
4.Please introduce SAIC briefly in your own words.
- What are the problems China’s carmakers face?
三、Writing (30 %)
According to a recent survey of Chinese women, a majority of mothers born after 1990
want to be stay-at-home moms. Many women are aware of the challenges of motherhood,
especially when they have to juggle a full-time job outside the home. Which is worthwhile,
being a full time working or a stay at home mom?
What is your opinion about this?
Write an essay of about 400 words to express your views on the topic.