北京语言大学-2022-MTI-余光中:精读和略读的智慧(上)
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崽哥
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这篇选自余光中的《智慧之书》。这篇文章不错,这里就多选了不少原文进来,一共有710字,比真题长得多。
因为较长,就分上下两篇推送。
【原文】
凡是值得读的智慧之书,都值得精读,而且再三诵读。古人所谓的“一目十行”,只是修辞上的夸张。“一目十行”只有两种情形:一是那本书不值得读,二是那个人不会读书。精读一本书或一篇作品,也有两种情形。一是主动精读,那当然自由得很;二是被迫精读,那就是以该书或该文为评论、翻译或教课的对象。要把一本书论好、译好、教好,怎能不加精读?所以评论家(包括编者、选家、注家)、翻译家、教师等等都是很特殊的读者,被迫的精读者。这种读者一方面为势所迫,只许读通,不许读错,一方面较有专业训练,当然读得更精。经得起这批特殊读者再三精读的书,想必是佳作。经得起他们读上几十年几百年的书,一定成为经典了。
普通的读者呢,当然也有他们的影响力,但是往往接受特殊读者的“意见领导”。(324字)
【参考译文】
A book of wisdom worthy of reading is a book worthy of close, and repeated, reading. The ancient Chinese phrase “to take in ten lines at a glance” is just a dramatic way of speaking. It occurs in two cases only: either that is not a good book or you are not a good reader. There are two forms of close reading. The first involves reading of will, and of course you have free election of what to read; the second, of necessity - you have that book or article as the subject of critique, translation, or lecturing. How can you become a good critic, a good translator, or a good lecturer of a book without an in-depth study of it? So critics (including editors, selectors, and annotators), translators, and lecturers are among a special group of readers - involuntary readers. On the one hand they are expected to make nothing but correct reading and on the other they naturally are more meticulous and informed readers as they have received formal training. Books that stand up to repeated perusal by this reader groupare doubtless good works. Books that have come through dozens of or even hundreds of years of such reading are definitely classics.
Admittedly ordinary readers are influential in some way, but they usually submit themselves to the “opinion leading” of this special group of readers. (228 words)
【解析】
1、凡是值得读的智慧之书,都值得精读,而且再三诵读。
译文:A book of wisdom worthy of reading is a book worthy of close, and repeated, reading.
原文是一个典型的判断句“凡是…都…”,译文未必就必须翻译为every book。而是用A is A的结构,即“一本值得读的书就是一本值得精读的书”。
“智慧之书”译为a book of wisdom,没有直译为wise book,因为英文中wise book不常用,而a book of wisdom(一本蕴含智慧的书)更自然。
“精读”译为close reading,指细致、研究性,甚至批判性的阅读。这篇的“精读”不建议通篇都用intense reading。
“再三诵读”译为repeated reading,插入到close reading中间,形成close, and repeated, reading,既强调了“反复”这一层含义,又保持了名词词组的完整性,是巧妙的翻译手法。
2、人所谓的“一目十行”,只是修辞上的夸张。
译文:The ancient Chinese phrase “to take in ten lines at a glance” is just a dramatic way of speaking.
“一目十行”这个成语译为to take in ten lines at a glance,完全保留了原成语的形象和意思。
“修辞上的夸张”译为a dramatic way of speaking是直译rhetorical exaggeration的生动化转换,说明用常见的词也能表意。
3、“一目十行”只有两种情形:一是那本书不值得读,二是那个人不会读书。
译文:It occurs in two cases only: either that is not a good book or you are not a good reader.
没有重复“一目十行”,而是用it指代,让行文更简洁。
“一目十行”只有两种情形,考生容易翻译为…have two situations,让人云里雾里。这译文就显得隔靴搔痒。
译文转换为It occurs in two cases only,即这只在两种情况下发生,后面沿用原文冒号给出哪两种情况。
“不值得读”没有直译为not worth reading,而是译为not a good book;而“不会读书”译为not a good reader,从评价“读书行为”转为评价“读书人”本身,符合英文习惯,也保留了原文的对称性。
4、精读一本书或一篇作品,也有两种情形。
译文:There are two forms of close reading.
这句如果重复“一本书或一篇作品”,译文容易翻得拖沓费词。可以看出,参考译文进行了高度概括,将“精读一本书或一篇作品”融入到“close reading”,将“两种情形”简化为 “two forms”,未丢失原文含义,译文更简洁。
5、一是主动精读,那当然自由得很;二是被迫精读,那就是以该书或该文为评论、翻译或教课的对象。
译文:The first involves reading of will, and of course you have free election of what to read; the second, of necessity - you have that book or article as the subject of critique, translation, or lecturing.
“主动”与“被迫”精读译为reading of will(可自主选择的阅读)和reading of necessity(迫不得已的阅读),保持了原文的对称性。the second, of necessity省略了involves reading,这是英文中常见的避免重复的写法,使句子更简练。
“自由得很”译为have free election of what to read(拥有自由选择读什么的权利),用词正式且准确;
以该书或该文为评论、翻译或教课的对象:这是个难点,考生很大部分会翻错,比如你可能会翻译为teach a book。teach a dog,我见过,也见过teach English,就是不晓得你如何teach a book,teach a rock。
6、要把一本书论好、译好、教好,怎能不加精读?
译文:How can you become a good critic, a good translator, or a good lecturer of a book without an in-depth study of it?
将“论好、译好、教好”这三个动词短语,转化为“成为好的评论家、翻译家、讲师”(become a good critic, …),重点落在三个名词上,更符合英文多用名词的特点。而重复good一则是突出几个“好”,二是节奏和语感更自然。
“精读”在这里换了一个说法,an in-depth study,与close reading同义,避免了用词单调。
7、所以评论家(包括编者、选家、注家)、翻译家、教师等等都是很特殊的读者,被迫的精读者。
译文:So critics (including editors, selectors, and annotators), translators, and lecturers are among a special group of readers - involuntary readers.
被迫的精读者,选用了一个很常见的词involuntary,比如你坐电梯看电梯广告,就是an involuntary viewer.
用破折号引出同位语involuntary readers,对前面的special group of readers进行解释说明,行文简洁明了。
8、这种读者一方面为势所迫,只许读通,不许读错,一方面较有专业训练,当然读得更精。
译文:On the one hand they are expected to make nothing but correct reading and on the other they naturally are more meticulous and informed readers as they have received formal training.
“为势所迫,只许读通,不许读错”本可以直译为be compelled/forced (by circumstances) to…,不过参考译文转化为are expected to make nothing but correct reading,这种是英文中常见的委婉柔和表达方式,即职业要求他们不能出错。
“读得更精”译为are more meticulous and informed readers,同样是动词转化为名词结构。informed表示有相关知识和信息的。
formal training,表示专业学习和训练,比如大学培养出来的专业人才,你们就是受过英语方面的formal training。这个training,不是简单的“训练”、“锻炼”。常配合receive这样的词。
9、经得起这批特殊读者再三精读的书,想必是佳作。经得起他们读上几十年几百年的书,一定成为经典了。
译文:Books that stand up to repeated perusal by this reader group are doubtless good works. Books that have come through dozens of or even hundreds of years of such reading are definitely classics.
“经得起”在第一句译为stand up to,第二句译为have come through,避免了重复。
精读,用了perusal表达同一个意思,顺应了英文换词表达的喜好。
“想必是”译为doubtless,势必;这个doubtless不是绝对肯定。
有时不得不感叹语言是相通的,法语里面sans doute (no doubt),也不是绝对肯定;汉语的“无疑”呢?有时也未必是绝对肯定。
“一定成为”译为are definitely语气更强,毕竟是经过了“几十年几百年”的考验。用certainly也很可以。
10、普通的读者呢,当然也有他们的影响力,但是往往接受特殊读者的“意见领导”。
译文:Admittedly ordinary readers are influential in some way, but they usually submit themselves to the “opinion leading” of this special group of readers.
“当然也…” 译为Admittedly…(诚然/无可否认),这是一个常见的英文让步表达,承认一个事实以便引出转折。考生用although、though也可以。
不建议用Influential to some degree that they may be/Influential as they are等,因为考生用得太多了(估计受了张培基译文的影响),阅卷老师有审美疲劳。
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