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10 月 MTI 测试诗经

中国是诗的国度，而《诗经》是中国诗歌的源头。《诗经》三百零五篇，分《风》、《雅》、《颂》三部分。它们内容丰富，其中有先祖创业的颂歌，祭祀神鬼的乐章；也有贵族之间的宴饮交往，劳逸不均的怨愤；更有反映劳动、打猎、以及大量恋爱、婚姻、社会习俗方面的动人篇章。

China is well known for its poetry, with The Poetry The Book of Songs as the earliest work in the history of poetry. With 305 poems altogether, The Poetry is divided into three parts, including Feng, Ya and Song Feng (Ballads), Ya (Court Hymn) and Song (Eulogy). Rich in contents content, they include extols eulogies in appreciation of the achievements achieved by people’s ancestors, music works themed on worshiping divinities and ghosts, and also have works that describe the banquets of the aristocracy and resent on the imbalance between work and spare time. Moreover, there are also vivid chapters ballads in terms of depicting labor, hunting, love, marriage and social customs.

China is a land of poetry, and the very source of its poetic tradition is The Book of Songs, the oldest Chinese anthology that collects 305 poems dating back to the Zhou Dynasty (1046-256 BC). They are divided into three sections: Feng (folk songs), Ya (court hymns) and Song (eulogies), and deal with a wide array of content, from odes to the founding fathers’ extraordinary achievements to music used in worship rituals for deities and spirits, from records of banquets among the aristocracy to expressions of resentment towards harsh labor imposed on the lower class. In addition, there are poems on labor and hunting, along with many engaging pieces that speak of courtship, marriage and social mores.

诗人立足现实而又执著不懈的精神，与儒家所提倡的积极进取的伦理风范相吻合，《诗经》因此被儒家奉为经典，影响了后世士大夫的诗歌观念。诗歌在很大程度上成为中国传统文人抒泄情感的一种主要途径，尤其是在自己的理想受到现实政治的阻碍时，文人就很自然地通过诗歌创作、通过抒情言志的方式宣泄愤懑。这就是孔子所谓“《诗》可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨”。

“兴”指通过诗歌激发联想与情感，“观”指观察社会风俗与政治得失，“群”指促进群体交流与和睦，“怨”指表达对时政的讽谏与批判。

As the poets’ philosophy of relying on realities and perseverance was in line with the positive ethical codes advocated by the Confucianism, The Poetry was designated by the Confucianism as a classic, which created an impact on later officials’ notions of poetry. To a great extent, poetry was a major way for ancient intellectuals of China to express their feelings. In particular, when they encountered political obstacles in the course of pursuing their aspirations, they would naturally vent their indignant feelings through writing poems in which the intellectuals they described their feelings and aspirations. This is what Confucius said, “ The Poetry can be appreciated, seen as a way of making friends and commented.” Poetry may serve to inspire, to reflect, to communicate and to complain.

The authors’ spirit of realism and persistence resonated with the Confucian ethical norms of self-improvement and enterprise. Therefore, the book was enshrined as a Confucian classic and exerted a profound influence on how scholar-officials in later generations perceived poetry. In ancient China, poetry served as scholars’ primary medium of expressing their emotions, and they naturally turned to poems as an outlet for their resentment and aspirations, particularly when their ideals were held back by real politics. As Confucius said, “The Book of Songs can inspire the mind, offer insight, foster social connection, and give voice to discontent.”

这一观点，使得中国传统文人在本质上都成为诗人，使得诗歌成为文人生活中不可缺少的一部分，使得诗歌成为一种个人抒情的手段，从而极大地促进了诗歌的发展，也引导了诗歌对现实人生的深刻关注。《诗经》的流传不衰表明，诗歌从来都不只是聚散悲欢的个人抒写，同时也是时代风貌的深度展示，甚至是时代进步的重要推力。

This view ensured that traditional Chinese intellectuals became poets in essence, the poetry became an indispensable part of their lives and a means to express one’s their feelings, thus greatly promoting the development of poetry and arousing poets’ attention to real life. The consistent popularity of The Poetry indicates that poetry is not only a description of individuals themselves all long, but also an in-depth show of conditions in an era and even an important driver of progress in an era.

Inspired by this perspective, virtually all traditional Chinese scholars turned into poets, and poetry emerged as an indispensable part of their lives and a means to convey personal emotions. This tradition also boosted the development of poetry and directed its focus to the realities of life. In fact, the enduring popularity of the Book of Songs indicates that poetry is never simply a record of personal stories and emotions; it is a window into the ethos of the times and even a vital driver of its progress.

《诗经》关注现实的热情、强烈的政治和道德意识、真诚积极的人生态度，为后人所继承和发扬，被概括为“风雅”精神。后世文人常在理论和实际中自觉抵制个人趣味，抵制诗歌中的形式主义倾向。自唐以后，历朝历代都有以“风雅”为旨趣的诗歌革新运动，并产生较大的社会影响。以上种种原因，使得“风雅”在传统文化里成为评价诗歌的最高标准。

The Poetry paid attention to the realistic enthusiasm, strong political and moral sense, and the sincere and positive attitude towards life, which were passed on and developed by later generations and were generalized into the philosophy of “fengya”. In both theory and reality, later intellectuals often opposed individual interests in both theory and reality, and the tendency of formalism in poetry. Since the Tang Dynasty, there has been reformatory movements against poetry in every dynasty, which aimed to foster “fengya” and exerted great influence on society. For all these reasons, “fengya” it was seen as the highest standard to appraise a poem in the traditional culture.

Ardent attention to reality, strong political and moral awareness, and sincere and positive attitudes towards life - these qualities embodied in The Book of Songs were enriched and refined over the following centuries into the spirt of elegance. In both theory and practice, scholars of subsequent generations consciously avoided personal preferences and resisted formalism in poetic creation. From the Tang Dynasty onward, movements aimed at cultivating this aesthetic ideal in poetry arose in every dynasty, generating tremendous social impact. For these reasons, elegance turned into the highest standard for evaluating poetry in traditional Chinese culture.

10.31 运动员的情操

1.在世界锦标赛决赛时，一位跳板跳水名将被他的同胞战友击败，却热烈拥抱胜利者，满含热泪向观众挥手告别。一位优秀的女击剑手在决胜的一局倒下了，不是倒在敌手的剑下，而是因为自己突然肌肉痉挛。

In the finals of a world championship, a veteran springboard diver was defeated by his rival from the same country. However, she gave a big hug to the winner and tearfully waved goodbye to the audience. In another instance, an outstanding female fencer fell in the decisive round, not because of her rival’s attack, but because of a sudden muscle cramp.

wave a tearful farewell to 也可以

2.这类事情在体坛司空见惯，但是这些英雄的悲剧场景不仅使失败的英雄热泪盈眶，而且使观众为之落泪。运动员把一生最美好的时光贡献出来，艰苦训练，激烈拼搏，希望成绩蒸蒸日上。如今他们过了巅峰走下坡路，仍然奋力发挥，力争为自己光辉的运动生涯划上一个完美的句号。

“激烈拼搏”：争取获得更好的成绩或者能力。“成绩蒸蒸日上”的话，不要处理成什么 grades 或者 Scores 之类的。这是体育，不是学术类的成绩。用 performance。

Such episodes are regular in the world of sports, but scenes of heroic tragedy bring tears not only to the defeated heroes but also the audience. Athletes devote their best time of life to arduous training, hoping to improve their performance over time. Even when their performance has begun to decline after reaching the peak, they still strive to push their limits, seeking to end their glorious athletic careers with a perfect flourish.

3.人生能有几回搏!生命有限，竞技生命更是短暂的。运动员比任何人更深刻地认识到时光易逝机会难得。他会珍惜并利用每—分钟，抓住任何一个机会。他付出许多，也得到许多，不仅为自己也为袓国贏得荣誉。

How often in life does one find an opportunity to stake it all in pursuit of a dream? Life is short, and an athletic career is even more so. In fact, athletes, perhaps more than anyone else, are acutely aware of the fleeting nature of time and the scarcity of opportunity. That is why they cherish every minute and seize every opportunity in their hands. They make great sacrifices and earn rich awards, winning honor not only for themselves but also for their homeland.

人生能有几回搏!

陈文伯：Chances to compete for championship are few and far between. （罕见，稀少）

stake: n.股份；重大利益；赌注；桩 v.以…打赌；拿…冒险

fleeting: adj. 短暂的，闪现的

参与并取胜，这就是奥林匹克精神。它表现于弱者敢于向强者挑战，也表现于强者力争取得更好的成绩。胜而又胜，优而更优，这种理想一直鼓舞着运动员奋力前进。他会尽其所能，永不松懈，永不罢休。有人说竞技者终究会是失败者，即使是最佳运动员也终将被更强者淘汰。成千上万个失败者才涌现一个胜利者，这个胜利者最终仍将被取代，挤出光荣榜——这就是竞技运动的规律。然而运动员却从不为这种不可避免的失败结局所沮丧，仍然力争最佳发挥。实在到了自知技穷之时，他会愉快地退下来，让位给年轻的优胜者，并对自己在奥林匹克运动中争取更好成绩尽了一份力而心满意足。他会自豪地说他的靑春没有虚度。

“表现于”的表达非常多，有被动也要主动结构。比如：be seen /shown in 或者 be reflected by。主动呢？reveals itself。如果用 reveals itself，后面往往跟 when 从句结构，也就意味着可以沿用原文的主干结构，处理成两个句子。

“力争取得更好的成绩”说人话：挑战自我。

“技穷”作为汉语词汇，指技能或方法完全耗尽的状态。

To participate and win – this is the spirit of Olympics. It reveals itself when the weak dare to challenge the strong and when the strong challenge themselves in pursuit of excellence. The ideal of striving for greater achievements is a powerful spur that drives athletes forward. They give their all; they never let up; they never quit. It is said that athletes are destined to be losers, because even the best athletes will be ousted by others. Indeed, out of thousands of competitors only one stands out as the winner, and in the end, he will be replaced in the honor roll. This is the rhythm of athletic sports. However, athletes are never frustrated by the inevitable prospect of failure; they seek to unleash their potential to the full. When the time comes to step aside, they will give the stage, with delight, to younger winners and feel content with the fact that they have given their utmost in the pursuit of Olympic excellence. They will say with pride that their youth has not been wasted.

11.3 修身哲学隐居

大学毕业后由于我痴迷老庄、陶渊明的修身哲学，我决意模仿中国古代圣贤的生活方式，隐居到苏格兰深山乡野里，自己辟了一块荒地躬耕自食。我知道两千年前我所景仰的陶兄曾如此这般地融入大自然。

Upon graduation, I decided to live in the manner of ancient Chinese sages, because I was fascinated by the character-building philosophy of Laozi, Zhuangzi and Tao Yuanming. In a remote village in Scotland, I cleared land for farming and lived as a hermit. I knew that Tao Yuanming, whom I admire, was living this way to commune with nature.

用：emulate/ imitate the lifestyle of ancient Chinese sages 也 ok

修身哲学: the self-cultivation philosophy

我一边务农、一边研读中国古代哲学、元曲及明清小说，并为报刊撰稿赚取生活费。编辑们对我的英文风格深感惊讶和新鲜，报社来信赞美我“难以想象，如天使般的行文”。

While tending the fields, I delved into ancient Chinese philosophy, the scripts of operas from the Yuan Dynasty, and novels from the Ming and Qing dynasties. I also wrote articles for newspapers to supplement my income. Stunned by my refreshing articles, the editors wrote me letters in praise of my “unimaginable, angelic style”.

我深知那是因为“启承转合”的中文写作玄机启发了我的思维，璀璨的中国文化给予了我享用不尽的灵感。直至今日，我仍坚持用中国文学的技巧逻辑来下笔英文散文。

Deep inside, however, I know that it owes much to the skills that I have learned from Chinese writing: introduction, elucidation, transition and conclusion, and to the inexhaustible inspiration that the splendid Chinese culture offers. Even today, I continue to draw upon skills and logic of Chinese literature in my English writing.

起承转合：指文章结构的四个组成部分（起：开头；承：承接上文；转：转折；合：结束）乘：elucidation!!!!!!!!!!!!!

【南开大学 MA 2025】腐朽动荡无处安放

在阴霾的天穹上，凝聚着一团大而湿重的积雨云——我常想，这是否可比作鲁迅和他所处的时代的关系呢？

凝聚：gather, accumulate, amass 一团大而湿重的云 a large mass of heavy cloud

On the shadowy sky there is a big, moist and heavy cloud that may bring about rain. It often occurs to me that whether it can be compared to the relationship between Lu Xun and the times he belongs belonged to.

In the gloomy sky there gathered a dense, towering cloud that foretold the arrival of heavy rain. I often wonder whether it can be compared to the relationship between Lu Xun and the era he lived in.

那是腐朽到了糜烂程度而又极其动荡不安的时代。

That was an era of great corruption and social turbulence.

That was an era of despairing corruption and relentless upheaval.

鲁迅企盼着有什么力量能一举劈开那阴霾，带给他自己也带给世人，尤其中国底层民众，又尤其许许多多迷惘、彷徨，被人生的无助和民族的不振所困扰，连呐喊几声都将招至凶视的青年以光明和希望。

Lu Xun looked to a kind of force that could cleave the shadow and bring light as well as hope to not only himself but also the general populace, in particular, the Chinese grassroots, and numerous and indecisive young peoples beset by their helpless lives and sluggish nation where several clamors could lead to ordeals.

clamor v.大声要求，愤怒疾呼 n.嘈杂声，吵闹声（显然不合适被人生的无助和民族的不振所困扰，主要强调的是无助、不振，因此要把它们放前面。凶视即怒视

Lu Xun longed for a certain force that could cleave through the dark cloud and bring light and hope to himself, to other people, and especially to the lower classes in his country and to young people who were confused, burdened by the sense of helplessness and disheartened by their nation’s stagnation, and who were met with malicious eyes when they cried out for change.

然而他敏锐的，善于深刻洞察的眼所见，除了腐朽和动荡不安，还是腐朽和动荡不安，更不可救药的腐朽和更鸡飞狗跳的动荡不安。

What his acute and deeply observable eyes saw is nothing but the corruption and social turbulence.

However, all that his sharp eyes, which showed great perception, saw was corruption and upheaval - nothing but corruption and upheaval, or rather, incurable corruption and upheaval spiraling into utter chaos.（陷入完全混乱）

or rather 更确切地说

11.20 流逝

1.在我的记忆的深处，珍藏着一些难忘的画面。当我翻拣出它们时，种种难以用文字描述的感慨常拨动我的心弦。

Deep in my memory (mind), there are some indelible scenarios. When I retrospect them, various kinds of emotions, which defy description, often strike a chord with me.

scenario n. 可能发生的事情，设想；剧情梗概

retrospect n. 回顾，回想（in retrospect 回想起来，事后看来）回顾，回想 recall/ look back on 难以用文字描述的：indescribable; defy/beyond description 拨动心弦：strike a chord with sb. pull/tug at one’s heartstrings

In the depths of my memory lie / exist some moments that I can never forget. Whenever I dig them up, emotions beyond description often pull at my heartstrings.

陈文伯译文：Deep in my heart have been enshrines some unforgettable scenes, any of which,

when emerging to view, never fails to tug at my heartstrings and make them vibrate with feelings that defy description.

2. 日复一日地上班下班，平淡的日子便如流水一般在指缝中溜走了。早出晚归的行色匆匆也令我无暇胡思乱想。

“平淡的日子”都得会，比如 simple / day-to-day / uneventful life。当然，还有其它形容词可以考虑，比如 mundane 或者 Prosaic。

I go to work and return home every day, with time passing by like the running water sneaking from my finger seam. Due to such busy life, I cannot find time to think other things.

As I commune to and from work day after day, the simple life just slips through my fingers like water. The hectic schedule from morning to night leaves little time to let my mind wander freely.

陈文伯译文：Humdrum days flow like water through my fingers as I go on daily trips to and from

work - early departure and late return in such a hurry that little time is left for me to indulge in fanciful thought.

3.而有一天早晨，当我骑车在宽阔的三环路上，偶然间一抬头，一位伫立在过街天桥上的老人映入我的眼帘。他静静地倚在护栏上，专注地眺望着。此时东方一轮朝阳正在升起，那红彤彤的光芒投射在老人身上，将他的满头白发镀成了金色，宛如一尊美好的雕像。此后，我就留意起来，几乎每个早晨经过这里我都能看到这位老人雕塑伫立在天桥上。我无从知晓老人是谁和他的内心，从选择这样的时间和地点，从他这般凝重的神情猜测：或许他在回味自已飘逝的人生风雨；或许他在俯视人流时体验心胸的舒展；或许他在展望依然能够绽放光彩的金色时光……

However, in one morning when I rode my bike on the spacious three-circle road, raising my head accidentally, I saw an elderly man standing on the bridge. Quietly leaning on the railing, he was staring. At that moment, the sun was rising and cast red light on that elderly man, which gilded his white hair, making him resemble to a beautiful statue. From then on, with attention, I could see the statue standing on the overbridge almost every morning when I come across there. I had no way to know his identity or his feelings. But from the time and place he chose, and his serious look, I conjectured that maybe he was retrospecting the stories in his life; maybe he was experiencing the extension of his horizon when overlooking the stream of walkers; maybe he was longing for the golden time that still could

One early morning, I was riding a bike on the wide Third Ring Road. I raised my head and happened to see an old man standing imposingly on the overpass. Quietly leaning against the guardrail, he gazed into the distance attentively. Then, the rising sun cast a red glow on him, turning his silvery hair into golden hair. He resembled a beautiful statue. From that day on, I begun to look out for him. In fact, I saw him standing there like a statue almost every morning. I had no idea who he was and what he was thinking. Judging from when and where he appeared and the solemn expressions on his face, I guessed that probably he was looking back on the ups and downs of his past; or, he was looking down at the hustle and bustle of people below for a relaxation of the mind; or, he was looking into his golden years when he would continue to shine brightly…

陈文伯译文：One early morning, however, when I was cycling along the broad Ring Road 3, I

happened to look up at the overpass and caught a glimpse of an old man in silhouette – he stood quietly by the railings gazing far ahead. A fine statue he was, bathing in the red rising sun which gilded his hair on the edge. Since then, I had always been mindful every morning I passed there, and would always see a statue of an old man standing above. There was no telling who he was, and what there was in his mind. I could only guess from his thoughtful appearance in such a time and place that he might be going over the fading vicissitudes of his life, or enjoying a broad vista opening up in his mind as he looked down at the inexhaustible flow of traffic below, or contemplating the prospects of his golden old age which was still radiating luster.

4.生命如流。即使是青春，也难免吟唱些“流逝的风、流逝的梦、流逝的年年岁岁。”然而，流逝并不仅仅使人黯然神伤。流逝之美，正如老人与朝阳，从哲学的深层感悟中提炼出来，令人回味无穷。

Life is like the running water. Even in one’s youth, he or she may sing such things like “the fleeting wind, the fleeting dream and the fleeting years.” However, the fleeting time doesn’t merely bring disappointment to people. Its beauty, just like the elderly man and the rising sun, is refined from the deep philosophical reflection, and

Life is like flowing water. Even in their youth, people may sing songs that mourn the days, dreams and moments that have slipped away. However, the passage of time doesn’t simply leave us with sorrow. Its beauty, just like the old man bathed in the rising sun, derives from philosophical observations and offers many memorable moments for us to relish.

陈文伯译文：Life goes like water flowing. Even young people cannot help singing, “the passing

wind, the vanishing dreams, the elapsing days and years”. But what’s going and gone, though often accompanied by sadness, has a beauty of its own. Like the old man in the rising sun, its beauty has a philosophical depth awaiting exploration by resourceful minds.

11.29 屠格涅夫 Ivan Turgenev

1. 屠格涅夫本身是一部秋天的诗集。这部诗集，也最适合于在秋天的时候阅读。他多么宁静，他多么健康，他的那颗不朽的心脏，正是一颗高悬在秋空之上的温柔淡黄的太阳! “宁静”和“健康”都是最基本的概念。只不过，此处的两个“多么”结构，不建议合并翻译，因为本文明显有种文学色彩，排比目的在于强调。

不朽的：imperishable/ undying/immortal

Ivan Turgenev himself is a collection of poems on autumn, and the best time to read it is autumn. He is so quiet; he is so healthy. His undying heart is the soft and whitish yellow sun that hangs high in the autumn sky.

2. 俄罗斯的草原和河流是多么地幸运，你诞生了他又受着他永恒的照耀!

后半句的“受着他永恒的照耀”的动词，可以考虑的选择非常多，比如 be blessed with/receive。

How fortunate the grasslands and rivers in Russia are! They gave birth to Turgenev and now they are blessed with his eternal sunshine.

3. 他正是以秋天那种无言、成熟、无微不至的感染力而影响人类的；他的语言正是秋风的语言，明净、简捷，一下子就拂动各种民族的心灵；而他又是那样一个热爱艺术、热爱自己祖国语言的人，他像一望无际的成熟的田野那样容易被人领悟和接受……

attentive adj.专心的，留意的，体贴的 accessible 易到达/得到/理解/相处的

an accessible way 通俗易懂的方式 be accessible to sb. 对…来说易于理解的

无微不至：attentive in every way

He has left an imprint on humanity that resembles autumn - quiet/silent, deep/mature and attentive in every way. His language, like autumn wind, is clear and simple and has the power to stir the souls across nations. He is a man of deep love for art and his mother tongue; like an endless/vast, ripe field, he is comfortably easy to understand and readily embraced by the public…

4. 他说：“一切生物都是我的女儿，所以我一视同仁地爱护它们，一视同仁地消灭它们。” 他还说：“即使把我冲洗七次，也冲不掉我们俄罗斯的本质。”老屠格的话是代替秋天对人发出的告诫，也是代表大地和人发出的箴言。自从屠格涅夫 1883 年的秋天离开人世以后，我们就很少再能听到这样亲切的、进入灵魂的声音了。

“冲洗”可以是 wash。至于“冲不掉”，简单点就是 remove 或者 get rid of。就很少— rarely/barely

“All creatures are my daughters. I care for them alike, and all alike I destroy,” he said. “Even if you wash me seven times, you still can’t get rid of our Russian nature.” His words are warnings sent on behalf of autumn and proverbs spoken on behalf of the earth and humanity. Since his death in the autumn of 1883, we have heard few, if any, voices that are so kind and soul-stirring.

5. 久违了啊，老屠格。

It has been too long, Turgenev.

6. 自您离开这个世界的 100 年来，发生了很多的变化，也保留着许多旧的、不灭的事物。不灭的事物是人类的那些贪婪恶劣的本性，是丑恶甚至比你看到的年代更盛行，更为冠冕堂皇、大摇大摆，变化了的则是美背叛了朴素的原则，真/赤裸着身体/无处藏匿…

不灭的 undying/enduring/eternal

此处的主语是“丑恶”，可以考虑处理成 the ugly 或者 ugliness 或者 ugly elements。

Since you left the world a century ago, much has changed yet many old, undying things have persisted as well. What hasn’t changed is the greedy and evil nature of humanity – nowadays, evil elements are more pervasive, more high-sounding and more brazen than in the era you lived in. As for changes, beauty has strayed from the principle of simplicity and truth, laid bare, finds nowhere to hide.

7. 仅仅过去了 100 年，今天的自命为“现代”的人们，已经在用嘲笑的口吻谈论起你或者根本就不承认存在着你，“古典”像一具枷锁那样把你锁在历史的酒窖深处，仿佛你的智慧与天才早结束在你的时代。

自命-proclaim/see/regard 至于“早结束在你的时代”可以直译成 end，也可以考虑 be gone with，即：一起消失。

After a mere 100 years, those who proclaim themselves to be modern have begun to discuss you in a mocking tone or even deny your existence altogether. The word “classical”, like a shackle, locks you away in the depths of history’s wine cellar, as if your wisdom and ingenuity had already vanished in your own era.

8. 其实，秋天是永恒的，不会过时的。

In fact, autumn is eternal; it is never out of date.

11.30 己所不欲勿施于人

细雨淅沥，秋风瑟瑟。公交车上，人好像从来没有这样少过，乘客可以挑选座位。车靠站，上来一位中年妇女。直到登上脚踏板，她还没合上手里的伞，所以引起车里人的注目——她面貌姣好，穿着入时，手中的三折叠伞，也透着洋气。

1.它们只不过交待了故事发生的背景信息：一个下着小雨、还有些凉的秋天。按着这个思路去翻译就可以了。2.合上 close/fold 3.穿着入时 well-dressed/wear trendy clothes 4.三折叠伞 three-fold umbrella/ compact umbrella 5.洋气 high-end

Mine : Outside it was raining gently along with rustling autumn wind. It seemed that there has never been so few people on the bus before that passengers could select seats freely. When the bus arrived at a stop, a middle-aged woman got on. She didn’t close her umbrella until boarding the bus peddle, thus attracting the attention of other passengers — she looked physically attractive and wore trendy clothes, with the three-folds umbrella in her hands showcasing fashion elements.

xxlin: It was an autumn day, with a light rain falling and a cold wind blowing. Inside the bus, there were few passengers, so everyone could choose their seats freely. When the bus stopped, a middle-aged woman boarded. But she didn’t fold her umbrella as she stepped onto the bus, and immediately drew the attention of other passengers. She had beautiful features, wore trendy clothes, and the umbrella in her hand appeared to be a high-end brand.

陈文伯: It was drizzling in a windy autumn day. The bus I took was sparsely occupied, offering chances to choose a seat. When it came to a stop, a middle-aged woman got on with an umbrella. She didn’t close it as she stepped on the footboard, drawing attention of those inside the bus. It was a three-fold umbrella as fashionable as its owner, a good-looking woman in neat dress.

她走近一个座位，打量了一番，皱起眉头，显现出满脸的不悦，嘴里似乎还在喃喃自语着什么。顺着她的目光一瞧，原来座位上不知哪位乘客不注意，掉了几滴水，弄湿了椅面。 1.走近 approach/come close to 2.打量 look at sth carefully 不要用什么 observe 之类的，显得矫情了些 3. “顺着她的目光一瞧”是真的“顺”吗？当然不是，此处完全可以简单处理成：it turned out，表示她不高兴的原因。

4. “掉了几滴水，弄湿了椅面”看起来不难理解，但要注意隐藏的内容。水是从哪里来的？当然是那位乘客语伞上的！所以，此处要添加原文没有明说的内容。建议整体理解这两个动词含义，合并处理成：TA 的雨伞上的水流到了椅子上，不能坐了。

She came close to a seat at which she cast a glance and then frowned. With an unpleasant look on her face, it seemed that she was murmuring to herself. I followed her attention and realized that an unknown passenger left some blobs of water on the seat accidentally and its surface was drenched.

xxlin: She came close to a seat and looked at it carefully. Then she frowned, flashed an angry expression, and muttered under her breath. It turned out that a passenger had left a few drops of water from his umbrella on the seat.

She approached a seat and frowned after a glance, looking disgusted and murmuring a few words. I cast eyes in that direction and found the seat moistened by a previous occupant unawares.

她又选了一个空着的双座位。我注意到，当她安然入座时，不经意地，或者是下意识地，把她那把不一般的、还带着水珠的雨伞放在了身旁的座位上…

1. “不一般的”是 unusual 吗？搭配都不成立。此处就是 high-end/expensive 2.还带着水珠的雨伞 a dripping / wet umbrella

Then she chose an available seat which was for two people. I watched that when she sat on the seat, she, inattentively or subliminally, put her unusual umbrella with water beads on a seat beside her…

In the end, she chose an empty double seat. But I noticed that as she sat down, she either unconsciously or subconsciously placed her expensive and dripping umbrella on the seat next to her…

She turned around, chose a double seat and sat down comfortably. When she did so, as I noticed, she casually or unwittingly put her wet umbrella on the seat beside hers.

车外的细雨淅沥地下着，车在雨中继续行驶。乘客们相安无事地坐在车里，我却想到那把伞、那个坐椅。她怎么没有因为自己的行为而皱眉呢？

1.“相安无事”是 safe 吗？当然不是，而是说：似乎什么都没有发生过一样。 2. “想到”是 miss 吗？不是，是 think of 吗？似乎也不是。结合前面的内容，更像是在说：我心里还在回想着伞和坐椅的故事，或者刚才发生的这件事。那可以考虑用 recall。或者，换一下主语，把刚才的 story 或者 episode 变成主语。

While it was raining outside, the bus kept moving forward. Passengers sat in the bus in harmony, but I was thinking about that umbrella and seat. Why didn’t she frown at her own behavior?

The rain continued to drop, and the bus continued to move forward. The other passengers sat in the bus as if nothing had happened, but I couldn’t stop thinking about the whole story. Why didn’t she frown at herself for what she had done?

It was still drizzling when the bus went along. The passengers sat nonchalantly, paying no attention to others. But I was restless, pestered by the thought of that wet umbrella and the seat it occupied. How naturally she did so! Why didn’t she frown at her own deed as she had at somebody else’s?

错误：

1. “人好像从来没有这样少过”，用户用了 “there has never been so few people”，时态有问题，前面是 it seemed that，后面应该用过去完成时 “had never been”，因为 “似乎从未有过” 是在 “当时” 之前的情况

2. “透着洋气” 译 “showcasing fashion elements” 可以，但 “fashionable” 或 “stylish” 更简洁，比如 “her three-fold umbrella also looked stylish” 更自然

3. “她走近一个座位，打量了一番，皱起眉头，显现出满脸的不悦，嘴里似乎还在喃喃自语着什么。” 用户译 “She came close to a seat at which she cast a glance and then frowned.

With an unpleasant look on her face, it seemed that she was murmuring to herself.” 这里句式有点碎

4. “顺着她的目光一瞧” 译 “I followed her attention”，“followed her gaze” 更准确， “attention” 是 “注意力”，“gaze” 才是 “目光”。

5. 原来座位上不知哪位乘客不注意，掉了几滴水，弄湿了椅面。” 用户译 “realized that an

unknown passenger left some blobs of water on the seat accidentally and its surface was

drenched.” “不知哪位乘客不注意” 是 “some unknown passenger had inadvertently”（用过去完成时，因为是在她发现之前发生的）

6. 掉了几滴水” 译 “left some blobs of water”，“blobs” 是 “ blob 指水滴有点太厚重，“drops of water” 更准确

7. 弄湿了椅面” 译 “its surface was drenched”，“drenched” 是 “湿透”，原文是 “弄湿”，用 “dampened” 更贴切，“drenched” 程度太重了

8. 安然入座” 译 “sat on the seat” 太普通，“settled comfortably into her seat” 更贴合 “安然”

9. 不经意地，或者是下意识地” 译“inattentively or subliminally”，“inattentively” 是 “粗心地”，原文 “不经意” 是 “unintentionally” 或 “casually”，“subliminally” 是 “潜意识地”，有点太学术，“subconsciously” 更常用。

中非友好

中非友好穿越时空、跨越山海、薪火相传。2000 年中非合作论坛成立，在中非关系史上具有重要里程碑意义。24 年来特别是新时代以来，中国同非洲兄弟姐妹本着真实亲诚理念，携手前行。

The China-Africa friendship transcends temporal and spatial limitations, and is passed on from generation to generation. The establishment of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation in 2000 was an important milestone in the history of China-Africa relations. In the past 24 years, especially since the new era, China has jointed hands with African siblings to pursue progress on the principles of sincerity, real results, amity and good faith.

The friendship between China and Africa transcends time and space, surmounts mountains and oceans, and passes down through generations. The founding of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) in 2000 was a milestone in the history of China-Africa relations. Over the past 24 years, especially in the new era, China has advanced forward hand in hand with our African brothers and sisters in the spirit of sincerity, real results, amity and good faith.

我们在世界百年变局中肩并肩、手拉手，坚定捍卫彼此正当权益；我们在经济全球化大潮中强筋骨、壮体魄，累累硕果惠及中非亿万百姓；我们在大灾大疫面前同甘共苦，共拼搏，书写了一个个中非友好的感人故事；我们始终相互理解、彼此支持，树立了新型国际关系的典范。

In the face of the world’s large-scale change on a scale unseen in a century, we stay shoulder by shoulder and hands in hands, resolutely safeguarding each other’s legitimate rights and interests; in the great tide of economic globalization, we strengthen ourselves and gain substantial achievements, benefiting hundreds of millions of Chinese and African peoples; Against major disasters and pandemics, we work through thin and thick, creating a profusion touching stories about the China-Africa friendship; we have always understood and supported each other, fostering a paradigm of a new type of international relations.

We stand shoulder to shoulder with each other to firmly defend our legitimate rights and interests as once-in-a-century changes sweep across the world. We get stronger and more resilient together by riding the tide of economic globalization, delivering tangible benefits to billions of ordinary Chinese and Africans. We share weal and woe in fighting natural disasters and epidemics together, creating touching stories of China-Africa friendship. We always empathize with and support each other, setting a stellar example of a new type of international relations.

经过近 70 年的辛勤耕耘，中非关系正处于历史最好时期。面向未来，我提议，将中国同所有非洲建交国的双边关系提升到战略关系层面，将中非关系整体定位提升至新时代全天候中非命运共同体！

Through indigenous efforts for about 70 years, China-Africa relations are in the best period throughout history. From the future-oriented perspective, I propose that we should elevate China’s bilateral relations with African countries that have diplomatic ties with it to strategic relations, and the overall position of China-Africa relations to 24-hour China-Africa community with a shared future in the new era!

Thanks to nearly 70 years of tireless efforts from both sides, the China-Africa relationship is now at its best in history. With its future growth in mind, I propose that bilateral relations between China and all African countries having diplomatic ties with China be elevated to the level of strategic relations, and that the overall characterization of China-Africa relations be elevated to an all-weather China-Africa community with a shared future for the new era.

1.动词被动语态：is passed on 语法正确，但主动语态 carries forward 或 passes down 更显延续的能动性。

2.介词搭配不当：In the face of 意为“面对（困难、威胁）”，用于此处语境稍显负面。Amid 或 In 更中性。

3.固定短语错误：hands in hands 是错误的。正确短语应为 hand in hand (副词短语)。 4.动词选择偏静态：stay 表示“保持状态”，略显被动。stand 更能体现团结、坚定屹立的姿态。

5.隐喻丢失与搭配不当：“强筋骨、壮体魄”是身体隐喻，意指增强内在实力和抵抗力。 6.固定短语错误：through thin and thick 词序错误，正确为 go through thick and thin。 7.动词覆盖不全：“同甘共苦” (share weal and woe) 与“共拼搏” (strive together) 是两个动作，译文仅用 work through thick and thin 涵盖了前者，后者丢失。 8 严重用词错误：indigenous efforts 是完全错误的翻译。indigenous 指“土生土长的、本地的”，与原意“辛勤耕耘” (painstaking cultivation/dedicated efforts) 毫无关系。这是本译文最严重的错误。

9.时态问题：are in the best period 使用一般现在时，强调现状。考虑到“经过近 70 年”这一完成含义，使用现在完成时 have reached 或 are enjoying 更佳。

10.表达不地道：in the best period throughout history 符合语法，但地道的政治外交表述常为 at their best in history 或 enjoying the best period in their history。

11.搭配不自然：From the future-oriented perspective 生硬。简化为 Looking to the future 或 Going forward 更地道。

12.严重术语错误：24-hour 是致命错误。外交术语“全天候”的标准译法是 all-weather (形容牢固、不受天气/形势影响的关系)。

春华秋实，岁物丰成。

Blossoms in spring turn into fruits in autumn, and a bumper harvest is the reward of hard work. 共商新时代中非友好合作大计

to discuss grand plans for China-Africa friendship and cooperation in the new era 开放共赢的现代化

modernization that is open and win-win

互利合作是符合各国长远和根本利益的阳光大道

Mutually beneficial cooperation is the sunny road to the betterment of long-term and fundamental interests of all countries.

是新时代现代化的鲜明标识

a hallmark of modernization in the new era

能源可及性

energy accessibility

全球绿色低碳转型

the global transition to green and low-carbon development

引领全球南方现代化

spearhead the Global South modernization

愿主动单方面扩大市场开放

voluntarily and unilaterally open its market wider

给予包括 33 个非洲国家在内的所有同中国建交的最不发达国家 100%税目产品零关税待遇

give all LDCs having diplomatic relations with China, including 33 countries in Africa, zero-tariff treatment for 100 percent tariff lines.

可预期的制度保障

predictable institutional guarantee

产业合作增长圈

industry cooperation growth clusters

陆海联动

land-sea links

非洲大陆自由贸易区

the African Continental Free Trade Area

在全球发展倡议框架内深化合作的联合声明

the Joint Statement on Deepening Cooperation within the Framework of the Global Development Initiative

民生项目

livelihood project

2027 年非洲杯

the 2027 Africa Cup of Nations

医疗卫生和抗疟项目

programs of health facilities and malaria treatment

公共卫生能力

public health capacity

兴农惠民伙伴行动

the Partnership Action for Agriculture and Livelihoods

农业标准化示范区

standardized agriculture demonstration areas

鲁班工坊

Luban Workshops

研修名额

training opportunities

“广电视听创新合作计划”

an initiative of cooperation on innovation in radio, TV and audio and visual programs 中非人文交流年

the China-Africa Year of People-to-People Exchanges

气象早期预警业务平台

meteorological early warning systems

防灾减灾救灾

disaster prevention, mitigation and relief

卫星遥感

satellite remote sensing

非洲有句谚语“同路人才是真朋友”

As an African proverb goes, a friend is someone you share the path with.

凝聚起 28 亿多中非人民的磅礴力量

rally the more than 2.8 billion Chinese and African people into a powerful force

绘就人类发展史上崭新画卷

write a new magnificent chapter of development in human history

12.4 浙大 MTI 书法精妙，只是惹人苦闹

1.书法源于中国人的日常书写，它和每个人的文字、学识、悟性、审美都有间接或直接的联系。在中国，没有任何艺术形式能把中国文化的诸多要素如此完美地糅合在一起。书法在中国人的生命中的地位和作用，大致相当于音乐在西方人生命中的地位和作用，它被称为“无声之音，无形之象”，所以，要了解中国人的艺术精神世界，没有比书法更直接更方便的办法和途径了。

“源于”come from /derive from/originate from/have its origin in/be rooted in。“日常书写” 同样可以直译，daily act of writing characters。此处之所以加 act，就是想体现这种动作。“每个人的文字”是 everyone’s word？这么翻译，诡异啊。此处得仔细理解原文的含义，比如：每个人的写字风格。“学识”可以理解成：学术背景。“悟性”呢？sensitivity/power of comprehension。“审美”可以处理成：审美偏好。“糅合”可以是 combine/blend/integrate。 “大致相当于”，一看就知道是 what 结构，可以避免“的生命中的地位和作用”措辞重复出现。“艺术精神世界”可以考虑 spiritual world。“办法和途径”简单点处理，就是合并，比如 approach 或者 path。还可以处理成 the starting point，即“起点”。方便，easy/convenient.

Calligraphy derives from Chinese people’s routine writing, and has indirect or direct ties with everyone’s character, knowledge, understanding capality and aesthetic values. In China, there is no artistic form that can intery integrate the numerous elements of Chinese culture except for calligraphy. The significance of it in Chinese people’s lives tentamount to that of music in Western people’s lives. That may explain why it is called “sound of no voice, thing of no form”. Therefore, there are no more direct and simple ways to understand Chinese’s artistic and spiritual world than calligraphy.

Calligraphy, rooted in the Chinese people’s everyday act of writing, is directly or indirectly associated with the individuals’ styles of writing, educational backgrounds, levels of sensitivity and aesthetic preferences. In China, no other form of art so seamlessly blends such diverse cultural elements. In fact, calligraphy is to the Chinese life what music is to the Western life. It is also described as “a voice that makes no sound and an image that takes no form”. Therefore, to delve into the spiritual world of the Chinese, there is no better path than the study of calligraphy.

2.中国古人的语言观，总是在讲“得意忘言”，追求“言外之意”和“韵外之故”，似乎对汉语的音、形表达了某种程度的轻视；但同时,汉语又借助书法这种形式,直接挖掘汉字“形” 中之“意”，可谓殊途同归，直指不可言说的世界本质和意味。看到“语言观”，不要直译或者死译了。解释出来不就行了吗？比如：中国人认为，语言书法应该 XXX。“音、形”基本是固定概念，可以考虑 pronunciation / sound and form / structure。 “轻视”作为名词，可以考虑 contempt。形中之意“意”此处是单纯的 meaning 吗？如果直译，必须要加引号的，因为表示特殊的含义。也可以解释出来，比如：寓意。

Traditional Chinese people’s vision of language seemed to overlook the sounds and forms of the chinese language to some extent for that they always emphasized the importance of meaning instead of language and pursued connotations beyond literal forms; however, at the same time, the chinese language directly explores the meaning embedded in the forms of chinese charasters through calligraphy. In this way, they actually share a same goal through different means, directly pointing to the nature of the world.

Ancient Chinese people believed that it is important to deliver intended meaning without being bound by wording, leave certain things unsaid, and generate meanings that could linger beyond rhyme. Such ideas seem to downplay the importance of the sounds and structures of written characters. However, through the art of calligraphy, they seek to directly uncover the significance inherent in their forms. In the end, both sounds and structures are enlisted to demonstrate the indescribable nature and meaning of the world.

3. 书法不是一种单纯的视觉艺术，而视觉艺术也是很难用语言描述的。书法极具中国特色，但是今天我们普遍使用的论述艺术的方法受到了西方概念的影响，所以，书法这种过去在中国如此普及的艺术形式和今天的中国人、西方人都产生了距离感。 “极具中国特色”，使用政治材料里的那个套话表达，成立。此处，还有更简单的，比如 be uniquely Chinese。“论述艺术的方法”直译也成立，但措辞上可以更精准凝练些。比如： approach to art。“普及”可以是 popularize 的，也可以从结果的角度考虑，处理成 ubiquitous。此外，本句的主干是“书法产生了距离感”，成立不？不太成立的，因为书法本身不会产生距离感。此处可以考虑调整主语，或者换句式结构。

Calligraphy is not merely a visual art and visual art can’t be simply described in words. Calligraphy is uniquely Chinese, but due to the impact of Western ideas on our widely adopted approaches to art, a certain distance has emerged between this once popular form of art and people in China and the Western world as well.

Calligraphy is not a simple visual art which is hard to describe through language. Calligraphy is of distinctive chinese characteristies. But the present-day ways to discuss arts in china are influenced by Western notions. As a result, calligraphy, a highly popular form of art in the past of China, creates a sense of distanie among contemporary Chinese and Western peoples.

4. 著名书法家蔡邕（yong1）曾说过:“夫书，肇于自然。”中国书法是一种自然之象，是一种有意味的形式。

According to the renowned calligrapher Cai Yong in the second century, calligraphy is rooted in nature. Indeed, Chinese calligraphy is a natural phenomenon and a form of art laden with meaning. As a famous a calligrapher Cai Yong once said, “calligraphy stems from nature.” Chinese calligraphy is a natural phenomenon, and a meaningful form.

12.5 HNNU MA 文学作品一言难尽

一个民族的文艺作品蕴涵着极其丰富的文化信息。这些信息根据不同的分类标准可分为显性文化和隐性文化，又可分成物质文化、精神文化、行为文化、制度文化等等，不一而足。文化信息不仅体现在作品的字面上，而且深藏于它的核心。读者通常在浏览作品时了解的往往是文本字面表达的文化信息，对其深层的文化信息可能不甚了了。但只要仔细、认真阅读都能领会其要旨，因为读者和作者同属一种文化。读者透过文字，凭借本文化的主要文化参数 (如原型、价值观等等)便能揣摩作者的意图。然而文化信息一经翻译，即从一种文化移植到另一种文化后，作品字面传递的文化信息与其深层文化及至整个文化体系之间的千丝万缕的联系被译者切断了，造成了“身首异处”的状态。这样，译语文化的读者在欣赏译本时只能看到译文字面提供的关于源语文化的信息。至于原著的深层文化信息，读者只能依据他所属的文化的主要参数加以释读。这不啻雾里看花，误读在所难免。面对文本中纷繁复杂的文化信息，译者不可能也不必把它们全部移植过去。

1“. 文艺作品”是 literary and artistic works。单纯看这篇文章的话，其实指的就是 Literary works。 2.“蕴含”have/possess/contain/be home to。后面又出现了“极其丰富的”，那么也直接可以考虑简单的措辞，比 rich in。3.“浏览”browse。后面的“文本字面”，其实指的就是文字本身 words。深层次的，deeper/behind。4“. 不甚了了”don’t know/have no idea/have no clue 5.“仔细”=“认真”carefully/in earnest。6.“同属于一种文化”belong to the same culture/be in the same cultural community/share the same cultural background。7.“透过文字”read。“揣摩”=“理解”，figure out/understand/make sense of。

8.看到“一经翻译”，立马想到了状语结构 once 引导。只不过，后面的“即”实际上是对翻译过程的一种解释，可能需要考虑同位语。“千丝万缕的联系”connections。“切断”cut off/sever。“身首异处”，实际上就是指的这种关系被切断了，造成了一种”“失联/断联” 的状态, disconnect。不翻译其实也可以，因为前面已经提到了“切断”。

9.“释读”=“理解”。“不可能也不必”cannot and shouldn’t。“移植”transplant/transfer

A nation’s literary works are rich repositories of cultural information. By different standards, it can be classified as explicit and implicit culture, or material culture, spiritual culture, behavioral culture, and institutional culture. It is embedded not only in words but also in their deeper essence. When reading literary works, readers tend to grasp the cultural information conveyed by words and have little idea as to the underlying one. However, with careful reading, they can eventually make sense of it, particularly when they share the same cultural background with the authors. By relying on words and primary cultural parameters of their own society, including archetypes and values, readers can figure out the intended meaning in the end. But in the process of translation, the original information is transplanted into a different cultural context. It means that cultural information conveyed by words may be disconnected from the deeper cultural background and even the entire cultural system of the source language. As a result, readers from the target culture can only receive cultural information delivered by the translated words alone. As for the deeper layer of cultural information, it can only be inferred through the lens of readers’ own cultural parameters. This process is akin to viewing flowers in mist, leading to potential misunderstandings. Given the diversity and complexity of cultural information, translators can’t and shouldn’t transplant them all into another culture.

*be classified into + 名词/名词短语：“The books are classified into different subjects.” *be classified as：强调类别归属（即“被划分为……”）“This plant is classified as endangered.”

因为译者必须保持文艺作品的艺术性、可读性、美学功能等，他翻译作品主要是供广大读者欣赏而不是研究。如果把一部作品中的所有文化信息不论多少、不分主次逐一加注，那么有关原著的文化信息的注释在篇幅上可能会大大超过原著。这样译者奉献给读者的已经不是一部文艺作品，而是一部学术著作了。因此首先应该释读一部作品中的文化信息，然后将其分类，区分主次，有所取舍，实施传输。真可谓“有所为，有所不为”。

1.“广大”，没有什么实际含义，不译 2.“有关原著的文化信息”扔掉。3.“奉献”present 4.“区分主次”set priorities。“有所取舍”，简单来处理就是 make choices 5.“实施传输”，可以直译，那就是 convey them。也可以意译一下，把它理解成：动手开始翻译。或者再简单一点：动笔 put pen to paper 6.“有所为，有所不为”dos and don’ts

That is because translators should preserve the artistry, readability and aesthetic functions of literary works, and their translations are meant to be read, rather than studied, by readers. In a book, if all the pieces of cultural information are annotated regardless of their quantity or significance, then the annotations would far exceed the book itself in terms of length. In the end, translators present readers not a literary book, but a scholarly treatise. That is why it is important to understand all the pieces of cultural information, classify them, and determine their significance before deciding to put pen to paper. This is the dos and don’ts of literary translation.

The cultural and artistic works of a nation involve exceedingly rich cultural information. According to different standards of categorization, they can be divided into explicit and implicit culture, or material, spiritual, behavioral, institutional culture, etc. Cultural information is not only reflected on the literal forms of works, but also hide in the depths of its core. When looking through these works, readers often merely know the cultural information expressed by their literal surface, and may have little mastery of the deep-seated cultural information. However, they can apprehend the gist of a work through careful and scrupulous reading for that they and the author belong to the same culture. With major cultural indexes of their culture ( including original examples, and values), readers can speculate the author’s intentions beyond words. Once the information is translated into another language, however, namely it is grafted from the original culture into another culture, the ties between the cultural information and the culture behind it and even the entire cultural system are cut by the translator. As a result, the head and body of the work exist in different areas. Therefore, when reading translations, readers within the targeted culture could only acquire information concerning the original culture provided by the literal form of translations. As for the deep-level information embedded in the original works, they can only rely on the indexes of their own cultures to grasp it. Similar to watching flowers in the fog, it is inevitable to generate misunderstanding. Confronted with the complex cultural information within the text ,translators cannot and have not to translate all of them.

Translators must ensure the artistic value, accessibility and aesthetic functions of cultural and artistic works because they translate works mainly for the readers at large. If they add notes for all the cultural information in a work one by one regardless of the number and importance of information, the length of notes will largely surpass the original work. In doing so, what translators contribute to the readers is not a cultural and artistic work but an academic work. Therefore, translators should firstly grasp the cultural information and then classify them according to the level of importance, and practice translation by discarding certain information. This is called “Do something worthy of being done.”

问题

1.“grafted”可能不如“transplanted”更贴切，但还算可以接受。

2. 后面“ 造成了‘ 身首异处’ 的状态” 译成“As a result, the head and body of the work exist in different areas.”这里“exist in different areas”可能不够准确，原文是“身首异处”，可能更强调分离的状态，但译文可能没有完全传达这个意象，可能需要扣分。

2.接着，“这不啻雾里看花，误读在所难免。”译成“Similar to watching flowers in the fog, it is inevitable to generate misunderstanding.”这里“generate misunderstanding”可能不太自然，通常用“lead to misunderstanding”