《“反对”的力量》
本周五,中秋假期开始,那么周五咱们就不更新了。
下周四,又是国庆假期,国庆假期七天也不更新。
2026年的最后两个假期,大家且玩且珍惜。
在此,提前祝大家中秋节快乐,国庆假期快乐,2027年元旦快乐,元宵节快乐…
今天的材料仍然是文学翻译,内容不算多,但是难度仍然有。不着急,慢慢积累。
- 难度:★★★★★
- 字数:351 字
- 建议翻译时间:40 - 50 分钟
- 翻译难点:抽象措辞的理解、长句的切分
完整原文
李世民之所以能够成为中国历史上出了名的好皇帝,有着魏征这样的反对的力量,是一个重要的原因。
那么,“反对”究竟是什么?为什么“兼听则明,偏听则暗”?科学家们很爱做实验,于是他们也对“反对”的真正作用进行了实验。他们找来一些人,让这些被试者就一个有着明确答案的问题进行讨论,结果很惊讶,那些看似一团和气、全体一致的讨论,得出的结果距离答案很可能差得很远,而那些各有各的意见、表面上很喧嚣的讨论,居然距离正确答案越来越近。
于是,科学家们恍然大悟,所谓“反对”其实并不是一种冲突,而更多的是一种防止偏执和错误的有力保证。
而放至如今的互联网时代,意见纷呈,众说纷纭,但是当大多数人都希望能够更好地解决一个问题时,即使各自水平参差不齐,而最终的主流答案,也往往是能够带来更好结果的选项。这,其实就是互联的精髓所在。
句式精析
1. 李世民之所以能够成为中国历史上出了名的好皇帝,有着魏征这样的反对的力量,是一个重要的原因。
【参考译文】 Li Shimin is widely recognized as a great emperor of the Tang Dynasty (618 - 907), and his reputation owes much to Wei Zheng, who served as his opposition in the capacity of chancellor.
【陈文伯译文】 Li Shimin is well-known as an eminent emperor of the Tang Dynasty (618-917) in Chinese history. That’s because he had Wei Zheng, his prime minister, to play the role of opposition.
“李世民”的名字写错,下次西游记就找你拍,让你去西天取经。
“出了名的”是 famous 吗?少用这个单词,快烂大街了。此处可以考虑 widely recognized。至于“好皇帝”直译成 good emperor,中不?
完全可以,只不过稍微有些 low。
“魏征”的拼音写错,下次做梦杀龙王的任务交给你。“反对的力量”可以直译不?可以试试,比如 opposing force,也可以用抽象名词 opposition。
句式结构上讲,本句看起来是两句话,但逻辑上是典型的因果关系,所以最直接的处理思路是 because 引导的原因从句。当然,也可以处理成两句话。
会哪种,用哪种。
此处翻译的时候,要注意文化因素的处理。外国读者可能不知道李世民,也不知道魏征是干嘛的,需要添加必须的背景信息介绍。而且,背景信息里,还要体现出“反对”这一全文的主题信息。
2. 那么,“反对”究竟是什么?
【参考译文】 Then, what is opposition?
【陈文伯译文】 What does it mean by opposition?
没啥可讲的吧?典型的下定义的结构。
3. 为什么“兼听则明,偏听则暗”?
【参考译文】 Why is it said that “Listen to both sides and you will be enlightened; heed only one side and you will be ill-informed”?
【陈文伯译文】 Why the saying is true: listen to both sides and you’ll be enlightened; heed only one side and you’ll be biased?
引号里的内容,翻译起来有难度。毕竟,名人名言或者经典作品里面的内容,没几个是容易的。
翻译方法上来讲,可以直译,也可以意译,关键是表达成立,含义正确。
4. 科学家们很爱做实验,于是他们也对“反对”的真正作用进行了实验。
【参考译文】 Some curious scientists conducted an experiment on the role of opposition.
【陈文伯译文】 Scientists have made an experiment on the true meaning of opposition.
先说逻辑,“很爱做实验”和后半句的内容是并列关系吗?可以的,但不如处理成定语结构,把原文的因果关系体现出来。
至于为什么不用 because 之类的,因为感觉原文的因果关系其实也没有那么强,那么直接。
呆毛,这五个字可以省略不译吗?完全可以,因为与本文的含义没有半毛线的关系。真的,读完全文你就知道我没有骗人。
“很爱做实验”可以直译成定语结构,也可以处理成名词结构,作为“科学家”的同位语。
5. 他们找来一些人,让这些被试者就一个有着明确答案的问题进行讨论,结果很惊讶,那些看似一团和气、全体一致的讨论,得出的结果距离答案很可能差得很远,而那些各有各的意见、表面上很喧嚣的讨论,居然距离正确答案越来越近。
【参考译文】 They divided the participants into two groups and asked each group to discuss a problem with a definite answer. The results were surprising. The first group had amicable discussions, but their unanimous conclusion was far from the right answer. In contrast, the second group engaged in noisy discussions and presented differing opinions, and its final answer was much closer to the right one.
【陈文伯译文】 They gathered a group of people, letting them discuss a problem that already had a definite answer. A part of them talked amiably and soon reached unanimity. They gave their answer, which turned out to be far apart from the correct one. Another part seemed very noisy in discussing, with each holding a different opinion. But their answers were more and more approaching the solution.
本句的特征是什么?长,太长,特别长!赶紧断句!
“找来一些人”省略不译,敢不敢?因为和后面的“被试者”是相同的人。所以,合并处理。
“有着明确答案的问题”的定语结构,明显应该考虑后置定语。“结果很惊讶”没啥可说的。译不出来的话,我倒是很惊讶。
“一团和气、全体一致的讨论”是怎样的讨论?至于翻译,可以考虑两个形容词,比如 harmonious and unanimous。只不过,不管选择怎样的形容词,都要考虑它们和 discussion 的搭配是否成立。
如果搭配不成立,则表达不成立,含义更不成立。
“差得很远”不是 weaker,而是 diverge 之类的。或者,考虑形容词结构。
“各有各的意见”作为定语,修饰“讨论”,似乎也要考虑后置定语。“喧嚣”呢?noisy。
6. 于是,科学家们恍然大悟,所谓“反对”其实并不是一种冲突,而更多的是一种防止偏执和错误的有力保证。
【参考译文】 The results awakened scientists to the fact that opposition is not a form of conflict; instead, it provides an effective safeguard against bigotry and error.
【陈文伯译文】 Not until then did the scientists become awakened to the truth: opposition doesn’t mean conflict. It actually provides an effective guarantee against stubborn bias and fault of one-sidedness.
“恍然大悟”简单处理,一个动词:realize 或者用大家熟悉的 occur to 结构。
此处,还可以从新旧信息过渡的角度,把主语换成前面一段刚提及的“试验结果”。试试嘛。
“冲突”可以考虑 conflict。“偏执”是啥?bigotry。至于“保证”,可能有同学想到了 G 开头的名词。其实,还可以试试 S 开头的那个。
7. 而放至如今的互联网时代,意见纷呈,众说纷纭,但是当大多数人都希望能够更好地解决一个问题时,即使各自水平参差不齐,而最终的主流答案,也往往是能够带来更好结果的选项。
【参考译文】 The current age of the internet is defined by a variety of ideas. However, when a majority of people hope to find a better solution to a problem, their discussions often yield better solutions indeed, in spite of their different backgrounds.
【陈文伯译文】 Now is an era of internet, it’s bound to be full of various opinions and all sorts of ideas. When a question on it needs an answer, people will offer answers, each hoping his better than others. Though they are on different levels of correctness, the ones chosen as most representative will surely bring out the best options.
本句的内容那么长,不断句的同学,你们晚上睡得着吗?
“放至”这个动词没有任何意思,因为原文的含义就是说:“在”。“意见纷呈,众说纷纭”有啥问题?赤裸裸的语义重复,表示:每个人都有自己的想法。
“水平参差不齐”是啥意思?解释出来:大家的能力各不相同。“最终的主流答案”完全可以直译的。
“能够带来更好结果的选项”没啥可说的,直译都错不了。
8. 这,其实就是互联的精髓所在。
【参考译文】 This, in fact, is the essence of the internet.
【陈文伯译文】 This indicates the essence of internet function.
这句话同样没啥可说。只不过,讽刺的是,现在的不少网络平台已经成为粪坑,甚至都是相同的内容在刷屏。凡是说点不一样的想法,立马就群起而攻之。
网上有人做出总结:凡是不让批评的产品,不要买;凡是不让质疑的想法,不要接受。大家感觉有道理吗?
原文与参考译文汇总
原文
李世民之所以能够成为中国历史上出了名的好皇帝,有着魏征这样的反对的力量,是一个重要的原因。
那么,“反对”究竟是什么?为什么“兼听则明,偏听则暗”?科学家们很爱做实验,于是他们也对“反对”的真正作用进行了实验。他们找来一些人,让这些被试者就一个有着明确答案的问题进行讨论,结果很惊讶,那些看似一团和气、全体一致的讨论,得出的结果距离答案很可能差得很远,而那些各有各的意见、表面上很喧嚣的讨论,居然距离正确答案越来越近。
于是,科学家们恍然大悟,所谓“反对”其实并不是一种冲突,而更多的是一种防止偏执和错误的有力保证。
而放至如今的互联网时代,意见纷呈,众说纷纭,但是当大多数人都希望能够更好地解决一个问题时,即使各自水平参差不齐,而最终的主流答案,也往往是能够带来更好结果的选项。这,其实就是互联的精髓所在。
参考译文
Li Shimin is widely recognized as a great emperor of the Tang Dynasty (618 - 907), and his reputation owes much to Wei Zheng, who served as his opposition in the capacity of chancellor.
Then, what is opposition? Why is it said that “Listen to both sides and you will be enlightened; heed only one side and you will be ill-informed”? Some curious scientists conducted an experiment on the role of opposition. They divided the participants into two groups and asked each group to discuss a problem with a definite answer. The results were surprising. The first group had amicable discussions, but their unanimous conclusion was far from the right answer. In contrast, the second group engaged in noisy discussions and presented differing opinions, and its final answer was much closer to the right one.
The results awakened scientists to the fact that opposition is not a form of conflict; instead, it provides an effective safeguard against bigotry and error.
The current age of the internet is defined by a variety of ideas. However, when a majority of people hope to find a better solution to a problem, their discussions often yield better solutions indeed, in spite of their different backgrounds. This, in fact, is the essence of the internet.
陈文伯译文
Li Shimin is well-known as an eminent emperor of the Tang Dynasty (618-917) in Chinese history. That’s because he had Wei Zheng, his prime minister, to play the role of opposition.
What does it mean by opposition? Why the saying is true: listen to both sides and you’ll be enlightened; heed only one side and you’ll be biased? Scientists have made an experiment on the true meaning of opposition. They gathered a group of people, letting them discuss a problem that already had a definite answer. A part of them talked amiably and soon reached unanimity. They gave their answer, which turned out to be far apart from the correct one. Another part seemed very noisy in discussing, with each holding a different opinion. But their answers were more and more approaching the solution.
Not until then did the scientists become awakened to the truth: opposition doesn’t mean conflict. It actually provides an effective guarantee against stubborn bias and fault of one-sidedness.
Now is an era of internet, it’s bound to be full of various opinions and all sorts of ideas. When a question on it needs an answer, people will offer answers, each hoping his better than others. Though they are on different levels of correctness, the ones chosen as most representative will surely bring out the best options. This indicates the essence of internet function.
重点表达积累
- 出了名的 / 好皇帝:widely recognized as a great emperor / well-known as an eminent emperor;也可直译 good emperor(略显 low)
- 反对的力量:opposing force / opposition / play the role of opposition
- 丞相 / 宰相:chancellor / prime minister
- 兼听则明,偏听则暗:Listen to both sides and you will be enlightened; heed only one side and you will be ill-informed / you’ll be biased
- 明确答案的问题:a problem with a definite answer
- 一团和气、全体一致的讨论:amicable / harmonious and unanimous discussion;unanimous conclusion
- 差得很远:diverge / be far from the right answer / far apart from the correct one
- 喧嚣的讨论:noisy discussions
- 各有各的意见:differing opinions / each holding a different opinion
- 越来越近(接近答案):much closer to the right one / more and more approaching the solution
- 恍然大悟:realize / it occurs to sb / awaken sb to the fact
- 冲突:conflict
- 偏执:bigotry / stubborn bias
- 有力保证:an effective safeguard / guarantee against
- 放至如今的时代:in the current age of / now is an era of
- 意见纷呈,众说纷纭:a variety of ideas / various opinions and all sorts of ideas
- 水平参差不齐:different backgrounds / on different levels of correctness
- 主流答案:the mainstream answer / the ones chosen as most representative
- 精髓:essence
假期快乐!