12.5 HNNU MA 文学作品一言难尽

由 PDF 转 Markdown 生成，保留原文 / 译文 / 批注。~~删除线~~ = 修订痕迹；<u>下划线</u> = 重点标注；引用块 = 英文段落。

一个民族的文艺作品蕴涵着极其丰富的文化信息。这些信息根据不同的分类标准可分为显性文化和隐性文化，又可分成物质文化、精神文化、行为文化、制度文化等等，不一而足。文化信息不仅体现在作品的字面上，而且深藏于它的核心。读者通常在浏览作品时了解的往往是文本字面表达的文化信息，对其深层的文化信息可能不甚了了。但只要仔细、认真阅读都能领会其要旨，因为读者和作者同属一种文化。读者透过文字，凭借本文化的主要文化参数 (如原型、价值观等等)便能揣摩作者的意图。然而文化信息一经翻译，即从一种文化移植到另一种文化后，作品字面传递的文化信息与其深层文化及至整个文化体系之间的千丝万缕的联系被译者切断了，造成了“身首异处”的状态。这样，译语文化的读者在欣赏译本时只能看到译文字面提供的关于源语文化的信息。至于原著的深层文化信息，读者只能依据他所属的文化的主要参数加以释读。这不啻雾里看花，误读在所难免。面对文本中纷繁复杂的文化信息，译者不可能也不必把它们全部移植过去。

1“. 文艺作品”是 literary and artistic works。单纯看这篇文章的话，其实指的就是 Literary works。 2.“蕴含”have/possess/contain/be home to。后面又出现了“极其丰富的”，那么也直接可以考虑简单的措辞，比 rich in。3.“浏览”browse。后面的“文本字面”，其实指的就是文字本身 words。深层次的，deeper/behind。4“. 不甚了了”don’t know/have no idea/have no clue 5.“仔细”=“认真”carefully/in earnest。6.“同属于一种文化”belong to the same culture/be in the same cultural community/share the same cultural background。7.“透过文字”read。“揣摩”=“理解”，figure out/understand/make sense of。

8.看到“一经翻译”，立马想到了状语结构 once 引导。只不过，后面的“即”实际上是对翻译过程的一种解释，可能需要考虑同位语。“千丝万缕的联系”connections。“切断”cut off/sever。“身首异处”，实际上就是指的这种关系被切断了，造成了一种”“失联/断联” 的状态, disconnect。不翻译其实也可以，因为前面已经提到了“切断”。

9.“释读”=“理解”。“不可能也不必”cannot and shouldn’t。“移植”transplant/transfer

A nation’s literary works are rich repositories of cultural information. By different standards, it can be classified as explicit and implicit culture, or material culture, spiritual culture, behavioral culture, and institutional culture. It is embedded not only in words but also in their deeper essence. When reading literary works, readers tend to grasp the cultural information conveyed by words and have little idea as to the underlying one. However, with careful reading, they can eventually make sense of it, particularly when they share the same cultural background with the authors. By relying on words and primary cultural parameters of their own society, including archetypes and values, readers can figure out the intended meaning in the end. But in the process of translation, the original information is transplanted into a different cultural context. It means that cultural information conveyed by words may be disconnected from the deeper cultural background and even the entire cultural system of the source language. As a result, readers from the target culture can only receive cultural information delivered by the translated words alone. As for the deeper layer of cultural information, it can only be inferred through the lens of readers’ own cultural parameters. This process is akin to viewing flowers in mist, leading to potential misunderstandings. Given the diversity and complexity of cultural information, translators can’t and shouldn’t transplant them all into another culture.

*be classified into + 名词/名词短语：“The books are classified into different subjects.” *be classified as：强调类别归属（即“被划分为……”）“This plant is classified as endangered.”

因为译者必须保持文艺作品的艺术性、可读性、美学功能等，他翻译作品主要是供广大读者欣赏而不是研究。如果把一部作品中的所有文化信息不论多少、不分主次逐一加注，那么有关原著的文化信息的注释在篇幅上可能会大大超过原著。这样译者奉献给读者的已经不是一部文艺作品，而是一部学术著作了。因此首先应该释读一部作品中的文化信息，然后将其分类，区分主次，有所取舍，实施传输。真可谓“有所为，有所不为”。

1.“广大”，没有什么实际含义，不译 2.“有关原著的文化信息”扔掉。3.“奉献”present 4.“区分主次”set priorities。“有所取舍”，简单来处理就是 make choices 5.“实施传输”，可以直译，那就是 convey them。也可以意译一下，把它理解成：动手开始翻译。或者再简单一点：动笔 put pen to paper 6.“有所为，有所不为”dos and don’ts

That is because translators should preserve the artistry, readability and aesthetic functions of literary works, and their translations are meant to be read, rather than studied, by readers. In a book, if all the pieces of cultural information are annotated regardless of their quantity or significance, then the annotations would far exceed the book itself in terms of length. In the end, translators present readers not a literary book, but a scholarly treatise. That is why it is important to understand all the pieces of cultural information, classify them, and determine their significance before deciding to put pen to paper. This is the dos and don’ts of literary translation.

The cultural and artistic works of a nation involve exceedingly rich cultural information. According to different standards of categorization, they can be divided into explicit and implicit culture, or material, spiritual, behavioral, institutional culture, etc. Cultural information is not only reflected on the literal forms of works, but also hide in the depths of its core. When looking through these works, readers often merely know the cultural information expressed by their literal surface, and may have little mastery of the deep-seated cultural information. However, they can apprehend the gist of a work through careful and scrupulous reading for that they and the author belong to the same culture. With major cultural indexes of their culture ( including original examples, and values), readers can speculate the author’s intentions beyond words. Once the information is translated into another language, however, namely it is grafted from the original culture into another culture, the ties between the cultural information and the culture behind it and even the entire cultural system are cut by the translator. As a result, the head and body of the work exist in different areas. Therefore, when reading translations, readers within the targeted culture could only acquire information concerning the original culture provided by the literal form of translations. As for the deep-level information embedded in the original works, they can only rely on the indexes of their own cultures to grasp it. Similar to watching flowers in the fog, it is inevitable to generate misunderstanding. Confronted with the complex cultural information within the text ,translators cannot and have not to translate all of them.

Translators must ensure the artistic value, accessibility and aesthetic functions of cultural and artistic works because they translate works mainly for the readers at large. If they add notes for all the cultural information in a work one by one regardless of the number and importance of information, the length of notes will largely surpass the original work. In doing so, what translators contribute to the readers is not a cultural and artistic work but an academic work. Therefore, translators should firstly grasp the cultural information and then classify them according to the level of importance, and practice translation by discarding certain information. This is called “Do something worthy of being done.”

问题

1.“grafted”可能不如“transplanted”更贴切，但还算可以接受。

2. 后面“ 造成了‘ 身首异处’ 的状态” 译成“As a result, the head and body of the work exist in different areas.”这里“exist in different areas”可能不够准确，原文是“身首异处”，可能更强调分离的状态，但译文可能没有完全传达这个意象，可能需要扣分。

2.接着，“这不啻雾里看花，误读在所难免。”译成“Similar to watching flowers in the fog, it is inevitable to generate misunderstanding.”这里“generate misunderstanding”可能不太自然，通常用“lead to misunderstanding”