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Unit 02 背诵清单｜中国时政文献翻译的原则与策略

本单元是教材”中国时政文献翻译概述”部分的第二单元（学生用书 PDF 第 35–58 页），全书的策略总纲。教材本单元无”重点段落分析与翻译”板块，教师用书亦未覆盖第一、二单元；第三层”重点段落”由执行者从学生用书例句中圈选连续语段（≥2 分句）补入，已逐段标注说明。

一、核心术语

1. 语义对应（对应性翻译策略）

序号中文核心概念 / 术语官方标准译文
1低碳发展low-carbon development
2供给侧结构性改革supply-side structural reform
3经济全球化economic globalization
4生态红线ecological red lines
5资源配置resource allocation
6爱国统一战线patriotic united front
7社会主义核心价值观the core socialist values
8中国特色社会主义socialism with Chinese characteristics

2. 语义解释（解释性翻译策略）

序号中文核心概念 / 术语官方标准译文
9决胜全面建成小康社会to secure a decisive victory in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects

3. 词语语境化：一词多”译”——「强国」

序号中文核心概念 / 术语官方标准译文
10人才强国战略the strategy on developing a quality workforce
11建设制造强国to build China into a manufacturer of quality
12加快建设人才强国to step up efforts to make China a talent-strong country
13推进贸易强国建设to turn China into a trader of quality
14推进体育强国建设to build China into a country strong in sport
15实现农业大国向农业强国跨越to transform China from a country with high agricultural output to one with a leading edge in agriculture
16为建设科技强国、质量强国、航天强国、网络强国、交通强国、数字中国、智慧社会提供有力支撑to provide powerful support for building China’s strength in science and technology, product quality, aerospace, cyberspace, and transport, and for building a digital China and a smart society

4. 小词大译

序号中文核心概念 / 术语官方标准译文
17坚持实干兴邦to do the good solid work that sees our country thrive

二、典范例句

（一）语义对应

例句 1

【汉语原文】 坚定不移”打虎”、“拍蝇”、“猎狐”。

【参考译文】 We have taken firm action to “take out tigers,” “swat flies,” and “hunt down foxes”.

例句 2

【汉语原文】 巡视利剑作用彰显，实现中央和省级党委巡视全覆盖。

【参考译文】 Disciplinary inspections have cut like a blade through corruption and misconduct; they have covered every Party committee in all departments at the central and provincial levels.

例句 3

【汉语原文】 坚持照镜子、正衣冠、洗洗澡、治治病的要求，开展党的群众路线教育实践活动和”三严三实”专题教育。

【参考译文】 We have committed to “examining ourselves in the mirror, tidying our attire, taking a bath, and treating our ailments,” launched activities to see members command and act on the Party’s mass line, and initiated a campaign for the observance of the Three Guidelines for Ethical Behavior and Three Basic Rules of Conduct.

例句 4

【汉语原文】 我反复讲，鞋子合不合脚，只有穿的人才知道。中国特色社会主义制度好不好、优越不优越，中国人民最清楚，也最有发言权。

【参考译文】 I have often said that only the wearer of the shoes knows if they fit or not. The Chinese people know best whether the Chinese socialist system suits the country or not.

（二）语义解释

例句 5

【汉语原文】 新时代”三农”工作必须围绕农业农村现代化这个总目标来推进。

【参考译文】 The work on agriculture, rural areas and rural people in the new era must focus on the general goal of modernizing agriculture and rural areas.

例句 6

【汉语原文】 培养造就一支懂农业、爱农村、爱农民的”三农”工作队伍。

【参考译文】 We will train professional rural service personnel who have a good knowledge of agriculture, love our rural areas, and care about rural people.

例句 7

【汉语原文】 人民是党执政的最大底气，也是党执政最深厚的根基。正是从这个意义上讲，民心是最大的政治。

【参考译文】 The people are our Party’s foundation and greatest strength in governance. It is in this sense that we say people’s support is of paramount importance.

例句 8

【汉语原文】 当前，世界多极化、经济全球化、文化多样化、社会信息化深入发展，人类社会充满希望。

【参考译文】 The world today is moving towards multi-polarity and becoming more economically globalized, culturally diverse, and IT-driven. All this offers hope to humanity.

例句 9

【汉语原文】 马克思主义也面临着进一步中国化、时代化、大众化的问题。

【参考译文】 Marxism also needs to be better integrated with the realities of China, keep abreast with the times, and respond to the need of the Chinese people.

例句 10

【汉语原文】 着力增强改革系统性、整体性、协同性，压茬拓展改革广度和深度。

【参考译文】 We have pursued reform in a more systematic, holistic, and coordinated way, increasing its coverage and depth.

（三）语义融合

例句 11

【汉语原文】 要加强对全会精神贯彻落实情况的监督检查。

【参考译文】 We will strengthen our supervision of the implementation of these decisions.

例句 12

【汉语原文】 我国稳定解决了十几亿人的温饱问题。

【参考译文】 China has seen the basic needs of over a billion people met.

例句 13

【汉语原文】 在激烈的国际竞争中，惟创新者进，惟创新者强，惟创新者胜。

【参考译文】 Against the backdrop of international competition, only those who innovate can make progress, grow stronger and prevail.

例句 14

【汉语原文】 记住要求，就是要把社会主义核心价值观的基本内容熟记熟背，让它们融化在心灵里、铭刻在脑子中。

【参考译文】 Remembering the requirements means that children need to learn by heart the core socialist values, and always keep these values in mind.

例句 15

【汉语原文】 世界每时每刻都在发生变化，中国也每时每刻都在发生变化。

【参考译文】 The world is changing with every second, every moment; and China, too, is changing with every second, every moment.

例句 16

【汉语原文】 我们绝不允许任何人、任何组织、任何政党、在任何时候、以任何形式、把任何一块中国领土从中国分裂出去！

【参考译文】 We will never allow anyone, any organization, or any political party, at any time or in any form, to separate any part of Chinese territory from China.

（四）语义替代

例句 17

【汉语原文】 脱贫攻坚战取得决定性进展，六千多万贫困人口稳定脱贫，贫困发生率从百分之十点二下降到百分之四以下。

【参考译文】 Decisive progress has been made in the fight against poverty: More than 60 million people have been lifted out of poverty and the poverty headcount ratio has dropped from 10.2 percent to less than 4 percent.

例句 18

【汉语原文】 思政课教师，要给学生心灵埋下真善美的种子，引导学生扣好人生第一粒扣子。

【参考译文】 Teachers of political philosophy should help their students sow the seeds of the true, the good and the beautiful, and guide them how to tie their shoelaces properly before embarking on their journey of life.

（五）词语语境化

例句 19

【汉语原文】 我们将贯彻新发展理念，推动中国经济持续健康发展，惠及中国人民和各国人民。

【参考译文】 We will act on the new development philosophy, and strive for sustained and healthy economic growth that benefits people in China and all around the world.

例句 20

【汉语原文】 我们秉持”两岸一家亲”理念，尊重台湾现有的社会制度和台湾同胞生活方式，愿意率先同台湾同胞分享大陆发展的机遇。

【参考译文】 Guided by the conviction that we are all of the same family, we respect the current social system and way of life in Taiwan and are ready to share the development opportunities on the mainland with our Taiwan compatriots first.

例句 21

【汉语原文】 中国……按照亲诚惠容理念和与邻为善、以邻为伴周边外交方针深化同周边国家关系，秉持正确义利观和真实亲诚理念加强同发展中国家团结合作。

【参考译文】 China will deepen relations with its neighbors in accordance with the principle of amity, sincerity, mutual benefit, and inclusiveness and the policy of forging friendship and partnership with our neighbors. Guided by the principle of upholding justice while pursuing shared interests and the principle of sincerity, real results, affinity and good faith, China will work to strengthen solidarity and cooperation with other developing countries.

（六）小词大译

例句 22

【汉语原文】 保持政治定力，坚持实干兴邦，始终坚持和发展中国特色社会主义。

【参考译文】 We must maintain our political orientation, do the good solid work that sees our country thrive, and continue to uphold and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics.

例句 23

【汉语原文】 全党要坚定信心、奋发有为，让中国特色社会主义展现出更加强大的生命力！

【参考译文】 Our entire Party should develop unshakable confidence, work hard and work well to see socialism with Chinese characteristics display even stronger vitality.

例句 24

【汉语原文】 深化金融体制改革，增强金融服务实体经济能力，提高直接融资比重，促进多层次资本市场健康发展。

【参考译文】 We will deepen institutional reform in the financial sector, make it better serve the real economy, increase the proportion of direct financing, and promote the healthy development of a multi-level capital market.

（七）组句调序（主谓定位与主语判断）

例句 25

【汉语原文】 70 年前，我们的先辈以远见卓识，建立了联合国这一最具普遍性、代表性、权威性的国际组织，寄托人类新愿景，开启合作新时代。

【参考译文】 Seventy years ago, those before us, with vision and foresight, established the United Nations. This universal and most representative and authoritative international organization has carried mankind’s hope for a new future and ushered in a new era of cooperation.

例句 26

【汉语原文】 主旋律更加响亮，正能量更加强劲，文化自信得到彰显，国家文化软实力和中华文化影响力大幅提升，全党全社会思想上的团结统一更加巩固。

【参考译文】 Our country’s underlying values hold greater appeal than ever before, and the wave of positive energy felt throughout society is building. We, the Chinese people, have greater confidence in our own culture. China’s cultural soft power and the international influence of Chinese culture have increased significantly. There is greater unity in thinking both within the Party and throughout society.

例句 27

【汉语原文】 要坚持一体化发展方向，加快从相加阶段迈向相融阶段。

【参考译文】 We need to keep moving towards integration and move faster from media plus to media integration.

例句 28

【汉语原文】 党的十八大以来，我们坚持导向为魂、移动为先、内容为王、创新为要，在体制机制、政策措施、流程管理、人才技术等方面加快融合步伐，建立融合传播矩阵，打造融合产品，取得了积极成效。

【参考译文】 Since the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012, we have emphasized the importance of guiding public opinion, giving priority to mobile media, improving media content, and promoting innovation. The integration of institutions and mechanisms, policies, procedures, technology and talent has been accelerated. Positive results have been achieved in building up integrated all-media matrices and in creating cross-media products.

例句 29

【汉语原文】 过去先进不等于现在先进，现在先进不等于永远先进。

【参考译文】 Even if you had played a pioneering role in the past, there is no guarantee that you will always do so; the fact that you are playing the role now does not mean that you will be progressive forever.

例句 30

【汉语原文】 我们在古丝绸之路上”舟舶继路、商使交属”……谱写了合作共赢的灿烂篇章。

【参考译文】 Our ancestors, merchants and diplomatic envoys alike, traveled back and forth along the overland and maritime Silk Roads… creating a splendid chapter of win-win cooperation.

例句 31

【汉语原文】 不同国家相互帮助共同解决面临的突出问题，是世界经济发展的客观要求。

【参考译文】 Mutual help between different countries in solving salient problems is the objective requirement of world economic development.

例句 32

【汉语原文】 亲仁善邻、协和万邦是中华文明一贯的处世之道，惠民利民、安民富民是中华文明鲜明的价值导向。

【参考译文】 For Chinese civilization, pursuing amity, good neighborliness and harmony is the principle guiding our interactions with other countries. To bring prosperity and security to the people is the overarching goal.

例句 33

【汉语原文】 需要指出的是，“一带一路”建设是全新的事物，在合作中有些不同意见是完全正常的。

【参考译文】 It must be pointed out that as the BRI is a new initiative, it is perfectly natural to have different views.

例句 34

【汉语原文】 生态环境治理明显加强，环境状况得到改善。

【参考译文】 Ecological and environmental governance has been significantly strengthened, leading to marked improvements in the environment.

例句 35

【汉语原文】 公共文化服务水平不断提高，文艺创作持续繁荣，文化事业和文化产业蓬勃发展，互联网建设管理运用不断完善，全民健身和竞技体育全面发展。

【参考译文】 Public cultural services have been improved; art and literature are thriving, and cultural programs and industries are going strong. The development, administration, and functioning of internet services have been enhanced. Fitness-for-all programs and competitive sports have seen extensive development.

（八）谋篇布局（语篇衔接与语义连贯）

例句 36

【汉语原文】 要把党的十八大确立的改革开放重大部署落实好，就要认真回顾和深入总结改革开放的历程，更加深刻地认识改革开放的历史必然性，更加自觉地把握改革开放的规律性，更加坚定地肩负起深化改革开放的重大责任。

【参考译文】 To implement the major propositions on reform and opening up raised at the 18th [CPC] National Congress, we need to review reform and opening up, better understand its historical necessity, conscientiously master its laws, and firmly assume the responsibility of extending it.

例句 37

【汉语原文】 五是坚持依法治国、依法执政、依法行政共同推进，法治国家、法治政府、法治社会一体建设。

【参考译文】 We must pursue coordinated progress in law-based governance, law-based exercise of state power, and law-based government administration, and promote the integrated development of the rule of law for the country, the government, and society.

例句 38

【汉语原文】 当今世界，人类生活在不同文化、种族、肤色、宗教和不同社会制度所组成的世界里，各国人民形成了你中有我、我中有你的命运共同体。

【参考译文】 Today, we live in a world with different cultures, ethnic groups, skin colors, religions and social systems, and all people on the planet have become members of an intimate community of shared future.

例句 39

【汉语原文】 回首过去，全党同志必须牢记，落后就要挨打，发展才能自强。

【参考译文】 Reviewing the past, all Party members must bear in mind that backwardness left us vulnerable to attack, whereas only development makes us strong.

（九）视角转换

例句 40

【汉语原文】 政法系统要在更高起点上，推动改革取得新的突破性进展，加快构建优化协同高效的政法机构职能体系。

【参考译文】 We need to make new breakthroughs in the reform of the judicial, prosecuting and public security systems from an overall perspective and quicken our pace in establishing and optimizing judicial, prosecuting and public security departments that collaborate to achieve high efficiency.

例句 41

【汉语原文】 广大青年要坚定理想信念，志存高远，脚踏实地，勇做时代的弄潮儿，在实现中国梦的生动实践中放飞青春梦想，在为人民利益的不懈奋斗中书写人生华章！

【参考译文】 To all our young people, you should have firm ideals and convictions, aim high, and have your feet firmly on the ground. You should ride the waves of your day; and in the course of realizing the Chinese Dream, fulfill your youthful dreams, and write a vivid chapter in your tireless endeavors to serve the interests of the people.

例句 42

【汉语原文】 随着中国的发展和进步，全国各地城乡基层民主不断扩大，公民有序的政治参与渠道增多，民主的实现形式日益丰富。

【参考译文】 China’s increasing prosperity and progress have been accompanied by greater democracy at the community level in both urban and rural areas throughout the country, increased orderly participation of its citizens in political life, and a multiplication of democratic practices.

例句 43

【汉语原文】 大陆和台湾虽然尚未统一，但同属一个中国，是不可分割的整体。

【参考译文】 Although the mainland and Taiwan are yet to be reunited, they belong to one and the same China, which is an indivisible whole.

例句 44

【汉语原文】 加强纪律教育，强化纪律执行，让党员、干部知敬畏、存戒惧、守底线，习惯在受监督和约束的环境中工作生活。

【参考译文】 We will raise Party members’ awareness of discipline and strengthen discipline enforcement, and demand that Party members and officials hold discipline in awe and respect, do not cross the line, and become used to working and living under oversight and constraints.

（十）逻辑重组

例句 45

【汉语原文】 人民有信仰，国家有力量，民族有希望。

【参考译文】 When the people have ideals, their country will have strength, and their nation will have a bright future.

例句 46

【汉语原文】 面对世界经济复苏乏力、局部冲突和动荡频发、全球性问题加剧的外部环境，面对我国经济发展进入新常态等一系列深刻变化……

【参考译文】 Outside China, we have been confronted with sluggish global economic recovery, frequent outbreaks of regional conflicts and disturbances, and intensifying global issues. At home, we have encountered profound changes as China has entered a new normal in economic development.

例句 47

【汉语原文】 站立在九百六十多万平方公里的广袤土地上，吸吮着五千多年中华民族漫长奋斗积累的文化养分，拥有十三亿多中国人民聚合的磅礴之力，我们走中国特色社会主义道路，具有无比广阔的时代舞台，具有无比深厚的历史底蕴，具有无比强大的前进定力。

【参考译文】 Rooted in a land of more than 9.6 million square kilometers, nourished by a culture of more than 5,000 years, and blessed with the strength of more than 1.3 billion people, we have an infinitely vast stage of our era, a heritage of unmatched depth, and incomparable resolve that enable us to forge ahead on the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

三、重点段落

段落一｜全人类共同价值

【汉语原文】

和平、发展、公平、正义、民主、自由，是全人类的共同价值，也是联合国的崇高目标。目标远未完成，我们仍须努力。

【参考译文】

Peace, development, fairness, justice, democracy and freedom are common values of humanity and also the lofty goals of the United Nations. Yet these goals are far from being achieved; therefore we must continue our endeavors.

（本段为执行者自圈，教师用书无覆盖）

段落二｜永远与人民同呼吸

【汉语原文】

全党同志一定要永远与人民同呼吸、共命运、心连心，永远把人民对美好生活的向往作为奋斗目标，以永不懈怠的精神状态和一往无前的奋斗姿态，继续朝着实现中华民族伟大复兴的宏伟目标奋勇前进。

【参考译文】

In our Party, each and every one of us must always breathe the same air as the people, share the same future, and stay truly connected to them. The aspirations of the people to live a better life must always be the focus of our efforts. We must keep on striving with endless energy towards the great goal of national rejuvenation.

（本段为执行者自圈，教师用书无覆盖）

修复记录

底本：知识清单/U01-02_核心词条与典范例句.md（含旧清单 PDF 原件 U01-02_知识清单.pdf 4 页，仅图片层，文字层只有水印）。

本单元条目来源分配说明：旧清单把教材第一、二单元合并为一份（U01-02）。本清单按条目的学生用书单元归属拆分——中文原文出自学生用书第二单元者归 U02。旧清单中的绝大多数条目（约 90%）实出自第二单元，故本清单体量大于 U01。

已修复缺陷

编号缺陷类型原文（旧清单）修复后
1OCR 乱码/水印残片三字水印被 OCR 错切为无意义双字词后嵌入正文，如「加快推进人才强国」后紧跟水印碎片全部剔除，改由学生用书 PDF 原文层重新录入
2页脚水印页脚残留”机构名 + 页码串”（形如”第 □ 页共 □ 页 + 出题机构名”）全部剔除
3英文缺空格/粘连定冠词与后词粘连（“the”+名词）、介词与专有名词粘连（“with”+Chinese 等）、所有格撇号两侧被空格撑开（“people ’ s”）共 3 类已逐处还原分词、空格与撇号
4数字 OCR 误识5,oo0 years已修正为 5,000 years
5中文错别字「广衰土地」→「广袤」；「磅之力」→「磅礴之力」；「吸着五千多年」→「吸吮着五千多年」；「聚合的磅之力」→「聚合的磅礴之力」已修正
6中文原文整体丢失多处例句的【汉语原文】被水印文字整段顶替（如原「水印碎片 + ，生态环境治理明显加强」）已用学生用书 PDF 原文层逐条回补
7引号/标点错乱"take out tigers'："swat flies'：and "hunt down fbxes'：已还原为 "take out tigers," "swat flies," and "hunt down foxes"
8英文词间粘连（PDF 文字层缺陷）wa% increasing、standardsand、buildingan、civilityare、mankinds已还原为 way, increasing、standards and、building an、civility are、mankind's

补全说明：旧清单遗漏的教材第二单元其他双语例句（巡视利剑、鞋子合不合脚、“三农”、民心是最大的政治、温饱问题、记住要求、每时每刻、绝不允许任何人、脱贫攻坚战、思政课教师、主旋律更加响亮、回首过去、大陆和台湾、加强纪律教育等）已按学生用书原文补入。

条目去向说明：旧清单中「改革全面发力、多点突破、纵深推进。」与「生态文明制度体系加快形成……」两条，其完整语段被圈选为 U01 的重点段落，故不在本清单例句层重复收录。

存疑条目：无。全部条目均已在学生用书 PDF 原文层定位到出处；【汉语原文】长度均 ≥ 10 字，无待人工核对项。