2025年政府工作报告核心高频词条英汉互译全览表
本表整理自《2025年政府工作报告》官方双语全文，共汇编 656 条 核心政经、外交、社会与生态高频时政术语，适合 357 英语翻译基础词条互译专项背诵。
| 序号 | 中文核心词条 | 官方英文标准译文 (Official Translation) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 第十四届全国人民代表大会第三次会议 | the Third Session of the 14th National People’s Congress |
| 2 | 国务院 | the State Council |
| 3 | 全国政协委员 | members of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference |
| 4 | 党的二十届三中全会 | the Third Plenary Session of the Twentieth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China |
| 5 | 全面深化改革 | deepening reform comprehensively |
| 6 | 作出部署 | set forth plans for… |
| 7 | …的坚强领导 | the strong leadership of… |
| 8 | 攻坚克难、砥砺奋进 | overcome difficulties and continue to forge ahead |
| 9 | 稳中有进 | 1. steady growth 2. pursuing progress while ensuring stability |
| 10 | 高质量发展 | high-quality development |
| 11 | 新质生产力 | new quality productive forces |
| 12 | 经济实力 | economic strength |
| 13 | 科技实力 | scientific and technological capabilities |
| 14 | 综合国力 | composite national strength |
| 15 | 向…迈出新的坚实步伐 | solid new strides were made in… |
| 16 | 新时代 | in the new era |
| 17 | 新征程 | on the new journey |
| 18 | 社会主义现代化国家 | a modern socialist country |
| 19 | 国内生产总值 | gross domestic product (GDP) |
| 20 | 世界主要经济体 | the world’s major economies |
| 21 | 城镇调查失业率 | surveyed urban unemployment rates |
| 22 | 居民消费价格 | the consumer price index (CPI) |
| 23 | 国际收支 | the balance of payments (不需要加上 “international”) |
| 24 | 创历史新高 | to reach a record high |
| 25 | …的国际市场份额 | the global market share of … |
| 26 | 外汇储备 | foreign exchange reserves |
| 27 | 民生 | the people’s wellbeing |
| 28 | 居民人均可支配收入 | per capita disposable income |
| 29 | 实际增长5.1% | grew by 5.1 percent in real terms |
| 30 | 脱贫攻坚 | poverty alleviation |
| 31 | 义务教育 | compulsory education |
| 32 | 基本养老保险 | basic old-age insurance |
| 33 | 基本医疗保险 | basic medical insurance |
| 34 | 社会救助 | social assistance |
| 35 | 产业升级 | industrial upgrading |
| 36 | 粮食产量 | grain output |
| 37 | 1.4万亿斤 | 700 million metric tons |
| 38 | 亩产 | the yield per hectare |
| 39 | 高技术制造业 | high-tech manufacturing |
| 40 | 装备制造业 | equipment manufacturing |
| 41 | 增加值 | the value added、the added value 都可以 |
| 42 | 新能源汽车 | new-energy vehicles |
| 43 | 信息传输软件 | information transmission software |
| 44 | 信息技术服务业 | IT services |
| 45 | 商务服务业 | business services |
| 46 | 创新能力 | innovation capacity |
| 47 | 集成电路 | integrated circuits |
| 48 | 人工智能 | artificial intelligence (AI) |
| 49 | “嫦娥六号” | The Chang’e - 6 mission |
| 50 | 人类首次月球背面采样返回 | humanity’s first-ever sample collection from the far side of the moon |
| 51 | “梦想”号大洋钻探船 | the Mengxiang ocean drilling vessel |
| 52 | 技术合同 | technology contract |
| 53 | 地级及以上城市 | cities at and above the prefectural level |
| 54 | 细颗粒物(PM2.5) | fine particulate matter (PM2.5) |
| 55 | 平均浓度 | the average concentration |
| 56 | 优良天数 | days with good or excellent air quality |
| 57 | 地表水优良水质 | surface water with a good quality |
| 58 | 单位国内生产总值 | per unit of GDP |
| 59 | 可再生能源装机容量 | installed renewable energy capacity |
| 60 | 改革部署 | the reform plans |
| 61 | 渐进式延迟法定退休年龄 | gradually raising the statutory retirement age |
| 62 | 制造业领域外资准入限制措施 | market access restrictions on foreign investment in the manufacturing sector |
| 63 | 深层次结构性矛盾 | some deep-seated structural problems |
| 64 | 内需不振 | sluggish domestic demand |
| 65 | 社会预期偏弱 | weak public expectations |
| 66 | 优化宏观调控 | improved macro regulation |
| 67 | 中央政治局 | the Political Bureau of the Central Committee |
| 68 | 一揽子增量政策 | a package of new policies |
| 69 | 社会信心 | public confidence |
| 70 | 党中央集中统一领导 | the centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee |
| 71 | 有效市场 | an efficient market |
| 72 | 有为政府 | a well-functioning government |
| 73 | 总供给 | aggregate supply |
| 74 | 总需求 | aggregate demand |
| 75 | 培育新动能 | to foster new growth drivers |
| 76 | 更新旧动能 | to upgrade old growth drivers |
| 77 | 做优增量 | to optimize allocation of new resources |
| 78 | 盘活存量 | making the best use of existing resources |
| 79 | 做大总量 | to expand total output |
| 80 | 习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想 | Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era |
| 81 | 以习近平同志为核心的党中央权威和集中统一领导 | the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core and its centralized, unified leadership |
| 82 | 加强和创新宏观调控 | to take more robust and innovative measures in conducting macro regulation |
| 83 | 一季度经济开局良好 | China’s economy got off to a good start in the first quarter. |
| 84 | 国内外多方面因素 | various external and internal factors |
| 85 | 主要经济指标 | major economic indicators |
| 86 | 下行压力 | the downward pressure |
| 87 | 逆周期调节 | countercyclical adjustments |
| 88 | 聚焦突出问题 | prominent issues |
| 89 | 针对性施策 | targeted measures |
| 90 | 财政货币政策 | fiscal and monetary policies |
| 91 | 重点领域 | key areas |
| 92 | 存款准备金率 | required reserve ratios |
| 93 | 政策利率 | policy interest rates |
| 94 | 有效需求 | effective demand |
| 95 | “两重”建设 | to implement major national strategies and enhance security capacity in key areas (国家重大战略实施和重点领域安全能力建设) |
| 96 | “两新”工作 | a new round of large-scale equipment upgrades and consumer goods trade-in programs (新一轮大规模设备更新和消费品以旧换新) |
| 97 | 设备购置投资 | investment in equipment purchases |
| 98 | 家电类商品零售额 | retail sales of home appliances |
| 99 | 推动房地产市场止跌回稳 | to stem the downturn and restore stability in the real estate market |
| 100 | 住房贷款利率 | interest rates for housing loans |
| 101 | 首付 | down payments |
| 102 | 居民存量房贷利息 | interest payments for existing mortgages |
| 103 | 交易环节税费水平 | taxes and fees on housing transactions |
| 104 | 保交房工作 | to ensure the timely delivery of housing projects |
| 105 | 资本市场基础性制度 | the capital market foundational systems |
| 106 | 市场活跃度上升 | a surge in market activity |
| 107 | 地方专项债务限额 | the ceiling for local government special-purpose bonds |
| 108 | 地方中小金融机构 | local small and medium financial institutions |
| 109 | 发展内生动力 | the internal momentum of development |
| 110 | 公平竞争审查条例 | regulations on fair competition review |
| 111 | 招商引资 | to attract investment |
| 112 | 国有企业改革 | to reform state-owned enterprises (SOEs) |
| 113 | 优化国有经济布局 | to improve the layout of the state-owned sector |
| 114 | 民营经济促进法草案 | a draft of the private sector promotion law |
| 115 | 外贸新增长点 | new growth drivers for foreign trade |
| 116 | 进出口结构 | import and export mix |
| 117 | 跨境服务贸易负面清单 | the negative list for cross-border trade |
| 118 | 增值电信 | value-added telecom services |
| 119 | 生物技术 | biotechnology |
| 120 | 单边开放 | unilateral opening up |
| 121 | 同中国建交最不发达国家 | the least developed countries that have diplomatic relations with China |
| 122 | 单方面免签 | unilateral visa waivers |
| 123 | 过境免签停留 | visa-free transit stays |
| 124 | 入境旅游 | inbound tourism |
| 125 | 高质量共建“一带一路” | high-quality Belt and Road cooperation |
| 126 | 民生项目 | public wellbeing programs |
| 127 | 创新驱动发展 | innovation-driven development |
| 128 | 国家科技重大专项 | major national science and technology programs |
| 129 | 重大科技基础设施 | major science and technology infrastructure |
| 130 | 拔尖创新人才 | first-class innovators/ top-tier innovators |
| 131 | 投资增长 | increase in investment |
| 132 | 国家级先进制造业集群 | national-level advanced manufacturing clusters |
| 133 | 商业航天 | commercial space |
| 134 | 北斗应用 | applications of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System |
| 135 | 新型储能 | new types of energy storage |
| 136 | 新兴产业 | emerging industries |
| 137 | 强制性国家标准 | mandatory national standards |
| 138 | 数字中国 | the Digital China Initiative |
| 139 | 城乡区域协调发展 | coordinated development between urban and rural areas |
| 140 | 经济布局 | the economic layout |
| 141 | 五年行动计划 | a five-year action plan |
| 142 | 夯实农业基础综合生产能力 | to consolidate the foundations of agriculture capacity for overall production |
| 143 | 主体功能区制度政策 | functional zoning systems and policies |
| 144 | 社会事业 | social programs |
| 145 | 高质量充分就业 | high-quality and full employment |
| 146 | 高校毕业生 | college graduates |
| 147 | 脱贫人口 | people lifted out of poverty |
| 148 | 农民工 | rural migrant workers |
| 149 | 国家奖助学金 | government scholarships and grants |
| 150 | 助学贷款 | government-subsidized student loans |
| 151 | 基础教育生态 | the basic education environment |
| 152 | 医疗机构检查检验结果互认 | mutual recognition of clinical test results from different medical institutions |
| 153 | 重点传染病 | key infectious diseases |
| 154 | 养老服务 | elderly care services |
| 155 | 银发经济 | the silver economy |
| 156 | 提高优抚补助标准 | increased subsidies for entitled groups |
| 157 | 低保困难群众一次性生活补助 | subsistence allowance one-off living allowances for people in difficulty |
| 158 | 全国年节 | national public holidays |
| 159 | 第九届亚洲冬季运动会 | the 9th Asian Winter Games |
| 160 | 第十二届全国少数民族传统体育运动会 | the 12th National Traditional Games of Ethnic Minorities of the People’s Republic of China |
| 161 | 我国体育健儿在巴黎奥运会取得境外参赛最好成绩 | Chinese athletes achieved their best overseas Olympic performance at the Paris Olympics. |
| 162 | 综合治理 | comprehensive efforts |
| 163 | 主要污染物排放量 | the discharge of major pollutants |
| 164 | 荒漠化、沙化土地 | the areas of both deserts and sandy lands |
| 165 | 节能降碳 | energy conservation and carbon reduction |
| 166 | 新能源开发利用 | the development and use of new energy sources |
| 167 | 非化石能源发电 | electricity generated from non-fossil fuels |
| 168 | 全国温室气体自愿减排交易市场 | the National Voluntary Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Trading Market |
| 169 | 碳排放权交易 | carbon emissions trading |
| 170 | 全面从严治党战略部署 | strategic plans for conducting full and rigorous Party self-governance |
| 171 | 为基层减负 | to lighten the burdens on those working on the ground |
| 172 | 依法行政 | law-based government administration |
| 173 | 人大代表建议 | recommendations from NPC deputies |
| 174 | 政协委员提案 | proposals by CPPCC National Committee members |
| 175 | 行政执法监督 | supervision over administrative law enforcement |
| 176 | 行政检查 | administrative inspections |
| 177 | “高效办成一件事” | major matters covered by one-stop government services |
| 178 | 矛盾纠纷排查化解 | to identify and defuse conflicts and disputes |
| 179 | 应急管理 | emergency management |
| 180 | 国家安全体系 | the national security system |
| 181 | 极端案事件 | critical incidents and cases |
| 182 | 恶性犯罪 | major crimes |
| 183 | 中国特色大国外交 | major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics |
| 184 | 上海合作组织阿斯塔纳峰会 | the Astana Summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization |
| 185 | 东亚合作领导人系列会议 | the leaders’ meetings on East Asian cooperation |
| 186 | 中非合作论坛北京峰会 | the Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation |
| 187 | 和平共处五项原则发表70周年纪念大会 | the Conference Marking the 70th Anniversary of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence |
| 188 | 中阿合作论坛部长级会议 | the 10th Ministerial Conference of the China-Arab States Cooperation Forum |
| 189 | 主场外交活动 | major diplomatic events at home |
| 190 | 人类命运共同体 | a community with a shared future for mankind |
| 191 | 全球伙伴关系 | partnerships across the globe |
| 192 | 真正的多边主义 | true multilateralism |
| 193 | 全球性挑战 | global challenges |
| 194 | 解决国际地区热点问题 | resolving regional and international hotspot issues |
| 195 | 领航掌舵 | be at the helm charting the course |
| 196 | 新时代中国特色社会主义思想科学指引 | the sound guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era |
| 197 | 全党全军全国各族人民 | the whole Party, the armed forces, and the Chinese people of all ethnic groups |
| 198 | 民主党派 | political parties |
| 199 | 人民团体 | people’s organizations |
| 200 | 各界人士 | public figures from all sectors of society |
| 201 | 香港特别行政区 | the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region |
| 202 | 澳门特别行政区 | the Macao Special Administrative Region （不能用Macau，殖民色彩太重） |
| 203 | 百年变局 | changes unseen in a century |
| 204 | 世界经济增长动能不足 | Global economic growth lacks steam. |
| 205 | 单边主义 | unilateralism |
| 206 | 保护主义 | protectionism |
| 207 | 多边贸易体制 | the multilateral trading system |
| 208 | 关税壁垒 | tariff barriers |
| 209 | 全球产业链供应链 | global industrial and supply chains |
| 210 | 国际经济循环 | flows in the international economy |
| 211 | 地缘政治 | geopolitics |
| 212 | 全球市场预期和投资信心 | global market expectations and investment confidence |
| 213 | 有效需求不足 | Effective demand is weak. |
| 214 | 消费不振 | Consumption is sluggish. |
| 215 | 账款拖欠 | overdue payments |
| 216 | 基层财政困难 | Some primary-level governments have fiscal difficulties. |
| 217 | 政策落地 | the implementation of the policy |
| 218 | 服务观念不强 | not fully service-oriented |
| 219 | 制度优势 | institutional strengths |
| 220 | 超大规模市场 | an enormous market |
| 221 | 完备产业体系 | a complete industrial system |
| 222 | 丰富人力人才资源 | a wealth of manpower and talent |
| 223 | 有效治理机制 | effective governance mechanisms |
| 224 | 长远规划 | long-term plans |
| 225 | 科学调控 | sound regulation |
| 226 | 上下协同 | coordination between central and local governments |
| 227 | 广阔增量空间 | vast space for further growth |
| 228 | 需求升级 | demand upgrades |
| 229 | 结构优化 | structural improvements |
| 230 | 动能转换 | a shift to new growth drivers |
| 231 | 经济长期向好基本趋势 | the underlying trend of long-term economic growth |
| 232 | 乘风破浪 | to cleave the waves |
| 233 | 行稳致远 | to sail steadily toward the future |
| 234 | 政策取向 | Policy Orientations |
| 235 | “十四五”规划收官之年 | the final year for implementing the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021– 2025) |
| 236 | 稳中求进工作总基调 | the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability |
| 237 | 新发展理念 | the new development philosophy |
| 238 | 新发展格局 | a new pattern of development |
| 239 | 统筹发展和安全 | ensure both development and security |
| 240 | 积极有为的宏观政策 | proactive and effective macro policies |
| 241 | 楼市 | the real estate market |
| 242 | 外部冲击 | external shocks |
| 243 | 经济持续回升向好 | sustained economic recovery and growth |
| 244 | 迎难而上 | meet difficulties head-on |
| 245 | 更加突出的矛盾 | the more pronounced problems |
| 246 | 改善供求关系 | to better balance supply and demand |
| 247 | 价格总水平 | the general price level |
| 248 | 以进促稳、守正创新、先立后破 | promoting stability through progress, upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground |
| 249 | 系统集成政策工具箱 | systematic integration policy toolkit |
| 250 | 提高…的前瞻性、针对性、有效性 | to make … more forward-looking, targeted, and effective |
| 251 | 注重目标引领、讲求时机力度 | remain target-oriented with the right timing and intensity |
| 252 | 财政政策 | fiscal policy |
| 253 | 赤字率 | the deficit-to-GDP ratio |
| 254 | 1个百分点 | one percentage point |
| 255 | 一般公共预算支出 | expenditure in the general public budget |
| 256 | 超长期特别国债 | ultra-long special treasury bonds |
| 257 | 国有大型商业银行 | large state-owned commercial banks |
| 258 | 地方政府专项债券 | local government special-purpose bonds |
| 259 | 土地收储 | land acquisition and reserve |
| 260 | 地方政府拖欠企业账款 | overdue payments owed by local governments to enterprises |
| 261 | 一般性转移支付 | general transfer payments |
| 262 | 欠发达地区 | underdeveloped areas |
| 263 | “三保” | basic living needs are met, salaries are paid, and governments function normally （保基本民生、保工资、保运转） |
| 264 | 严肃财经纪律 | to maintain strict financial and economic discipline |
| 265 | 货币政策工具 | monetary policy instruments |
| 266 | 保持流动性充裕 | to maintain adequate liquidity |
| 267 | 民营企业 | private businesses |
| 268 | 小微企业 | micro and small enterprises |
| 269 | 无还本续贷政策 | loan renewals without full repayment of the principal |
| 270 | 融资增信 | credit enhancement |
| 271 | 社会综合融资成本 | overall financing costs |
| 272 | 提升金融服务可获得性和便利度 | make financial services more accessible and convenient |
| 273 | 人民币汇率 | The RMB exchange rate |
| 274 | 宏观政策民生导向 | people-oriented macro policies |
| 275 | 以人民为中心 | to take a people-centered approach |
| 276 | 经济循环 | economic flows |
| 277 | 新的经济增长点 | new growth drivers |
| 278 | 良性循环 | positive interplay |
| 279 | 政策“组合拳” | policy coordination |
| 280 | 上下联动、横向协作 | coordination between the central and local governments and between relevant departments |
| 281 | 倾听市场声音 | to heed the market’s voice |
| 282 | 首要任务 | the top priority |
| 283 | 以质取胜 | winning through quality |
| 284 | 深化供给侧结构性改革 | deepen supply-side structural reform |
| 285 | 破解消费供给的结构性矛盾 | to address structural gaps between consumption and supply |
| 286 | 以高质量供给引领需求 | to steer and generate demand through high-quality supply |
| 287 | 突出重点、把握关键 | focus on major priorities and key links |
| 288 | 经济增长的主动力和稳定锚 | the main engine and anchor of economic growth |
| 289 | 提振消费 | to boost consumption |
| 290 | 优质供给 | the supply of quality products and services |
| 291 | 释放多样化、差异化消费潜力 | to tap the potential of diversified, differentiated spending |
| 292 | 中低收入群体 | low- and middle-income groups |
| 293 | 消费品以旧换新 | consumer goods trade-in programs |
| 294 | 放宽准入、减少限制 | expanding access, reducing restrictions |
| 295 | 休假制度 | the leave system |
| 296 | 免税店 | duty-free shops |
| 297 | 入境消费 | inbound consumption |
| 298 | 县域商业体系 | county-level commercial systems |
| 299 | 全口径消费统计制度 | the comprehensive statistics system for consumption |
| 300 | 消费者权益 | the rights and interests of consumers |
| 301 | 国家发展战略 | national development strategies |
| 302 | 中央预算内投资 | the central government budget for investment |
| 303 | 自上而下组织协调 | top-down organization and coordination |
| 304 | ”两重”建设 | the implementation of major national strategies and security capacity building in key areas （国家重大战略实施和重点领域安全能力建设） |
| 305 | 跨部门跨区域重大项目协调推进机制 | mechanisms for ensuring coordinated implementation of major cross-department and trans-regional projects. |
| 306 | 民间投资 | private investment |
| 307 | 因地制宜发展新质生产力 | developing new quality productive forces in light of local conditions |
| 308 | 新动能积厚成势 | the momentum of new growth drivers |
| 309 | 未来产业 | industries of the future |
| 310 | 融合集群发展 | integrated and clustered development |
| 311 | 低空经济 | the low-altitude economy |
| 312 | 生物制造 | biomanufacturing |
| 313 | 量子科技 | quantum technology |
| 314 | 具身智能 | embodied AI |
| 315 | 服务型制造 | service-oriented manufacturing |
| 316 | 产业统筹布局 | coordination and planning of industries |
| 317 | 产能监测预警 | monitoring and early warning for production capacity |
| 318 | 产业有序发展 | orderly industrial development |
| 319 | 良性竞争 | healthy competition |
| 320 | 国家高新区创新发展 | innovative development of national new- and high-tech development zones |
| 321 | 专精特新中小企业 | small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) that use specialized and sophisticated technologies to produce novel and unique products |
| 322 | 独角兽企业、瞪羚企业发展 | unicorn and gazelle companies |
| 323 | 传统产业改造提升 | the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries |
| 324 | 制造业重点产业链 | key industrial chains in the manufacturing sector |
| 325 | 产业基础再造 | industrial foundation reengineering |
| 326 | 扩范围 | extend the coverage of |
| 327 | 降门槛 | lower eligibility requirements to |
| 328 | 制造业数字化转型 | the digitalization of manufacturing |
| 329 | 既懂行业又懂数字化 | with both industry expertise and digital know-how |
| 330 | 服务商 | service providers |
| 331 | ”增品种、提品质、创品牌”工作 | improving product variety, quality, and brand-building |
| 332 | 名品精品 | popular brands and quality products |
| 333 | 经典产业 | renowned traditional industries |
| 334 | “人工智能+” | the AI Plus |
| 335 | 市场优势 | market strengths |
| 336 | 大模型 | large-scale AI models |
| 337 | 智能机器人 | intelligent robots |
| 338 | 新一代智能终端 | new-generation intelligent terminals |
| 339 | 智能制造装备 | smart manufacturing equipment |
| 340 | 人工智能手机和电脑 | AI-enabled phones and computers |
| 341 | 优化全国算力资源布局 | to optimize the layout of computing resources across the country |
| 342 | 数字产业集群 | digital industry clusters |
| 343 | 数据基础制度 | basic data systems |
| 344 | 数据跨境流动 | cross-border data flows |
| 345 | …的规范健康发展 | the healthy and well-regulated development of… |
| 346 | 促创新、扩消费、稳就业 | inspiring innovation, expanding consumption, and stabilizing employment |
| 347 | 科教兴国战略 | the strategy of invigorating China through science and education |
| 348 | 国家创新体系整体效能 | the overall performance of China’s innovation system |
| 349 | 创新引领发展 | innovation-driven development |
| 350 | 一体推进教育发展、科技创新、人才培养 | to make integrated progress in education, scientific and technological innovation, and talent cultivation |
| 351 | …的基础性、战略性支撑 | the foundational and strategic underpinning for… |
| 352 | 高质量教育体系 | a high-quality education system |
| 353 | 教育强国建设三年行动计划 | a three-year action plan for strengthening education |
| 354 | 新时代立德树人工程 | fostering virtue through education in the new era |
| 355 | 思政课 | the political education curriculum |
| 356 | 基础教育扩优提质工程 | high-quality, well-balanced development of compulsory education |
| 357 | 与人口变化相适应的资源统筹调配机制 | sound mechanisms for coordinating the allocation of educational resources in response to demographic changes |
| 358 | 高中阶段教育学位供给 | the supply of senior secondary school places |
| 359 | 逐步推行 | promote … in a phased way |
| 360 | 特殊教育 | special needs education |
| 361 | 继续教育 | continuing education |
| 362 | 专门教育 | specialized education |
| 363 | 民办教育 | private education |
| 364 | 职普融通 | integrated development of vocational education and general education |
| 365 | 产教融合 | collaboration between industries and schools |
| 366 | 优质本科扩容 | to expand quality undergraduate education |
| 367 | ”双一流” | world-class universities and academic disciplines |
| 368 | 学科设置调整机制 | mechanisms for discipline adjustment |
| 369 | 心理健康教育 | mental health education |
| 370 | 建设高素质专业化教师队伍 | train high-caliber professional teachers |
| 371 | 师德师风 | professional integrity and conduct |
| 372 | 教师待遇 | teachers’ salaries and benefits |
| 373 | 教育大国 | a large educational country |
| 374 | 教育强国 | an educational powerhouse |
| 375 | 新型举国体制优势 | the strengths of the new system for mobilizing resources nationwide |
| 376 | 关键核心技术 | core technologies in key fields |
| 377 | 前沿性、颠覆性技术研发 | R&D advancements in frontier and disruptive technologies |
| 378 | 超前布局 | forward-looking planning |
| 379 | 国家战略科技力量布局 | the layout of China’s strategic scientific and technological resources |
| 380 | 科研院所改革 | the reform of research institutes |
| 381 | 国家实验室 | national laboratories |
| 382 | 国际和区域科技创新中心 | international and regional centers for scientific and technological innovation |
| 383 | 科技支出 | science and technology expenditures |
| 384 | 竞争性支持 | competition-based support |
| 385 | 科技领军企业龙头作用 | the pacesetting role of leading high-tech enterprises |
| 386 | 企业主导的产学研深度融合 | enterprise-led collaboration between industries, universities, and research institutes |
| 387 | 从制度上保障 | provide institutional support for |
| 388 | 中央财政科技经费 | central government research funds |
| 389 | 知识产权保护和运用 | the protection and application of intellectual property rights |
| 390 | 创投基金差异化监管 | the differentiated oversight system for venture capital funds |
| 391 | 政策性金融支持 | policy-backed financial support |
| 392 | 创业投资 | venture capital investment |
| 393 | 耐心资本 | patient capital |
| 394 | 公民科学素质 | scientific literacy among the public |
| 395 | 人才队伍质量 | the overall caliber of talent |
| 396 | 人才高地 | talent hubs |
| 397 | 重点领域急需紧缺人才 | urgently needed personnel in key areas |
| 398 | 高技能人才 | highly-skilled workers |
| 399 | 青年科技人才 | young scientists and engineers |
| 400 | 一流产业技术工人队伍 | a first-rate industrial technical workforce |
| 401 | 海外引进人才支持保障机制 | the support mechanisms for talent recruited from overseas |
| 402 | 产学研人才联合培养和交流 | joint training and personnel exchanges between industries, universities, and research institutes |
| 403 | 人才协作 | personnel collaboration |
| 404 | 人才分类评价 | category-based personnel assessments |
| 405 | 牵引作用 | the leading role |
| 406 | 各类经营主体 | the vitality of market entities |
| 407 | ”两个毫不动摇” | unswervingly consolidating and developing the public sector and unswervingly encouraging, supporting, and guiding the development of the non-public sector (毫不动摇巩固和发展公有制经济，毫不动摇鼓励、支持、引导非公有制经济发展。) |
| 408 | 中国特色现代企业制度 | modern corporate systems with distinctive Chinese features |
| 409 | 源头治理 | tackle this issue at the source |
| 410 | 长效机制 | long-term mechanisms |
| 411 | 个体工商户 | self-employed individuals |
| 412 | 乱收费 | arbitrary charges |
| 413 | 违规异地执法和趋利性执法 | unauthorized cross-jurisdictional and profit-driven law enforcement |
| 414 | 全国统一大市场 | a unified national market |
| 415 | 市场分割 | market segmentation |
| 416 | 要素配置 | allocation of production factors |
| 417 | ”内卷式”竞争 | rat race competition |
| 418 | 市场准入负面清单 | the negative list for market access |
| 419 | 新业态新领域市场准入环境 | access for new forms of business and new sectors |
| 420 | 招标投标 | public bidding |
| 421 | 财税金融体制改革 | reform the fiscal, taxation, and financial systems |
| 422 | 零基预算改革 | zero-based budgeting reform |
| 423 | 绩效评价 | performance assessments |
| 424 | 科技金融 | technology finance |
| 425 | 绿色金融 | green finance |
| 426 | 普惠金融 | inclusive finance |
| 427 | 养老金融 | pension finance |
| 428 | 数字金融 | digital finance |
| 429 | 资本市场投融资 | investment and financing |
| 430 | 中长期资金入市 | the entry of long- and medium-term capital into the market |
| 431 | 战略性力量储备 | strategic resource reserves |
| 432 | 稳市机制 | market stabilization mechanisms |
| 433 | 股票发行上市 | stock issuance and listing |
| 434 | 多层次债券市场 | multilevel bond markets |
| 435 | 高水平对外开放 | higher-standard opening up |
| 436 | 制度型开放 | institutional opening up |
| 437 | 以开放促改革促发展 | to promote reform and development through openness |
| 438 | 出口信用保险 | export credit insurance |
| 439 | 跨境电商 | cross-border e-commerce |
| 440 | 跨境寄递物流 | logistics services for cross-border delivery |
| 441 | 中间品贸易 | intermediate goods |
| 442 | 优质服务进口 | the import of quality services |
| 443 | 新增⻓点 | new growth drivers |
| 444 | 新型离岸贸易 | offshore trade |
| 445 | 进博会 | the China International Import Expo |
| 446 | 广交会 | the China Import and Export Fair |
| 447 | 服贸会 | the China International Fair for Trade in Services |
| 448 | 数贸会 | the Global Digital Trade Expo |
| 449 | 消博会 | the China International Consumer Products Expo |
| 450 | 智慧海关建设与合作 | Smart Customs development and cooperation |
| 451 | 通关 | customs clearance |
| 452 | 要素获取 | access to production factors |
| 453 | 资质许可 | license application |
| 454 | 标准制定 | standards setting |
| 455 | 政府采购 | government procurement |
| 456 | 国民待遇 | national treatment |
| 457 | 提质增效 | enhance the quality and performance |
| 458 | 海南自由贸易港 | the Hainan Free Trade Port |
| 459 | 综合保税区 | integrated bonded areas |
| 460 | “小而美”民生项目 | small but beautiful public wellbeing projects |
| 461 | 示范性合作成果 | exemplary cooperative project deliverables |
| 462 | 中欧班列 | China-Europe freight trains |
| 463 | 西部陆海新通道 | the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor |
| 464 | 中国—东盟自贸区3.0版升级协定 | the China-ASEAN Free Trade Area 3.0 Upgrade Protocol |
| 465 | 《数字经济伙伴关系协定》 | the Digital Economy Partnership Agreement |
| 466 | 《全面与进步跨太平洋伙伴关系协定》 | the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership |
| 467 | 以世界贸易组织为核心的多边贸易体制 | the WTO-centered multilateral trading system |
| 468 | 止跌回稳 | to stem the downturn and restore stability |
| 469 | 因城施策 | city-specific policies |
| 470 | 城中村 | urban villages |
| 471 | 危旧房 | old and dilapidated houses |
| 472 | 刚性住房 | first homes |
| 473 | 城市空间结构 | urban spatial structures |
| 474 | 土地利用方式 | land use practices |
| 475 | 存量用地 | existing land resources |
| 476 | 保障性住房 | government-subsidized housing |
| 477 | 好房子 | quality homes |
| 478 | 在发展中化债 | to defuse debt risks in the course of development |
| 479 | 在化债中发展 | to pursue development in a debt risk-defused environment |
| 480 | 一揽子方案 | a package of measures |
| 481 | 隐性债务 | the hidden debts |
| 482 | 市场化转型 | market-oriented transformation |
| 483 | 风险处置 | to address risks |
| 484 | 补充资本金 | capital replenishment |
| 485 | 兼并重组 | mergers and reorganizations |
| 486 | 市场退出 | market exit mechanisms |
| 487 | 差异化发展 | differentiated development |
| 488 | 存款保险基金 | the deposit insurance fund |
| 489 | 金融稳定保障基金 | the financial stability fund |
| 490 | “三农”工作 | work relating to agriculture, rural areas, and rural residents |
| 491 | 乡村全面振兴 | all-around rural revitalization |
| 492 | 农业农村优先发展 | to prioritize agricultural and rural development |
| 493 | “千万工程” | the Green Rural Revival Program in Zhejiang Province |
| 494 | 强农惠农富农支持制度 | supporting systems for strengthening agriculture, benefiting farmers, and enriching rural areas |
| 495 | 农业增效益 | to raise agricultural returns |
| 496 | 农民增收入 | to increase rural incomes |
| 497 | 农产品 | agricultural products |
| 498 | 粮食播种面积 | grain acreage |
| 499 | 棉糖胶 | cotton, sugar crops, and natural rubber |
| 500 | 畜牧业 | the livestock |
| 501 | 渔业 | fishery industries |
| 502 | 农田水利设施 | irrigation and water conservancy facilities |
| 503 | 退化耕地治理 | the restoration of degraded arable land |
| 504 | 种业 | the seed industry |
| 505 | 产粮大县 | major grain-producing counties |
| 506 | 把饭碗端牢 | Our country’s food supply remains firmly in our own hands. |
| 507 | 脱贫攻坚成果 | achievements in poverty alleviation |
| 508 | 监测帮扶效能 | the efficacy of monitoring and assistance |
| 509 | “三保障”规模性返贫致贫 | large-scale relapse into or occurrence of poverty |
| 510 | 加强易地搬迁后续扶持 | Greater follow-up support will be given to people relocated from inhospitable areas and tailored assistance. |
| 511 | 以工代赈 | work-relief policies |
| 512 | 定点帮扶 | targeted assistance |
| 513 | 低收入人口 | low-income rural residents |
| 514 | 分层分类帮扶 | multi-tiered, categorized assistance |
| 515 | 农村基本经营制度 | the basic rural operation system |
| 516 | 农村集体经济 | rural collective economies |
| 517 | 集体林权 | collective forest tenure |
| 518 | 农垦 | state farms |
| 519 | 供销社 | supply and marketing cooperatives |
| 520 | 农业水价 | agricultural water pricing |
| 521 | 兴业、强县、富民一体发展 | integrated advancements in developing rural industries, invigorating counties, and raising rural living standards |
| 522 | 林下经济 | forest-based economy |
| 523 | 乡村特色产业 | rural industries with distinctive features |
| 524 | 宜居宜业和美乡村 | a beautiful and harmonious countryside for people to live and work in |
| 525 | 社会公德和文明乡风 | social etiquette and civility in rural areas |
| 526 | 发展空间格局 | the spatial layout of development |
| 527 | 区域协调发展战略机制 | the coordinated regional development strategy |
| 528 | 坚持以人为本 | take a people-centered approach to |
| 529 | 国土空间体系 | a territorial space system |
| 530 | 短板 | weak links |
| 531 | 县域经济 | county economies |
| 532 | 现代化都市圈 | modern metropolitan areas |
| 533 | 超大特大城市 | super-large and mega cities |
| 534 | 城市更新 | urban renewal schemes |
| 535 | 城镇老旧小区改造 | the renovation of old urban residential compounds |
| 536 | 城市低效用地再开发 | redevelopment of inefficiently used urban land |
| 537 | 数字化、智能化基础设施 | digital and smart infrastructure |
| 538 | 无障碍适老化配套设施 | barrier-free and age-friendly facilities |
| 539 | 宜居、韧性、智慧城市 | livable, resilient, and smart cities |
| 540 | 新的增长极 | new growth poles |
| 541 | 西部大开发 | large-scale development of the western region |
| 542 | 东北全面振兴 | full revitalization of the Northeast |
| 543 | 中部地区加快崛起 | accelerated rise of the central region |
| 544 | 东部地区加快推进现代化 | faster modernization of the eastern region |
| 545 | 京津冀 | the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region |
| 546 | 长三角 | the Yangtze River Delta |
| 547 | 粤港澳大湾区 | the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area |
| 548 | 长江经济带 | the Yangtze Economic Belt |
| 549 | 黄河流域 | the Yellow River basin |
| 550 | 挑大梁 | to assume greater responsibility |
| 551 | 要素保障 | to ensure supply of production factors |
| 552 | 雄安新区 | the Xiong’an New Area |
| 553 | 成渝地区双城经济圈 | the Chengdu-Chongqing economic zone |
| 554 | 产业有序梯度转移 | the orderly, gradual relocation of industries |
| 555 | 革命老区 | old revolutionary base areas |
| 556 | 民族地区 | areas with large ethnic minority populations |
| 557 | 稳边固边 | to ensure stability and security along the border |
| 558 | 资源型地区 | resource-dependent areas |
| 559 | 海洋经济 | the marine economy |
| 560 | 降碳减污扩绿增长 | to cut carbon emissions, reduce pollution, pursue green development, and boost economic growth |
| 561 | 绿色转型 | the green transition |
| 562 | 生态文明体制改革 | structural reform in ecological conservation |
| 563 | 污染治理 | pollution control |
| 564 | 推进生态优先、节约集约、绿色低碳发展 | to prioritize ecological protection, conserve resources and use them efficiently, and pursue green and low-carbon development |
| 565 | 蓝天、碧水、净土保卫战 | our drive to keep the skies blue, waters clear, and lands clean |
| 566 | 固体废物综合治理行动计划 | an action plan for the comprehensive treatment of solid waste |
| 567 | 新污染物 | new pollutants |
| 568 | 生态环境分区管控 | region-specific environmental management |
| 569 | 山水林田湖草沙一体化保护和系统治理 | a holistic and systematic approach to the protection and conservation of mountain, water, forest, farmland, grassland, and desert ecosystems |
| 570 | 国家公园 | national park |
| 571 | 自然保护地 | protected areas |
| 572 | “三北”工程 | the national shelterbelt program in northwest, north, and northeast China |
| 573 | 长江十年禁渔 | the 10-year fishing ban on the Yangtze River |
| 574 | 生态保护补偿 | compensation for ecological conservation |
| 575 | 生态产品 | ecosystem goods and services |
| 576 | 美丽中国先行区 | pilot zones under the Beautiful China Initiative |
| 577 | 资源总量管理 | total resource consumption control |
| 578 | 高耗能项目 | energy-intensive projects |
| 579 | 再生材料 | renewable materials |
| 580 | 碳中和 | carbon neutrality |
| 581 | 碳达峰 | peaking carbon emissions |
| 582 | 零碳园区、零碳工厂 | zero-carbon industrial parks and factories |
| 583 | 碳标识认证 | carbon labeling and certification |
| 584 | 绿色贸易壁垒 | green trade barriers |
| 585 | “沙戈荒”新能源基地 | new energy bases in desert areas, the Gobi, and other arid areas |
| 586 | 海上风电 | offshore wind farms |
| 587 | 加强普惠性、基础性、兜底性民生建设 | to ensure that public services are inclusive, meet essential needs, and provide a cushion for those most in need |
| 588 | 获得感 | sense of fulfillment |
| 589 | 就业是民生之本 | Employment is crucial to the people’s wellbeing. |
| 590 | 就业优先政策 | the employment-first policy |
| 591 | 就业支持计划 | employment support plans |
| 592 | 稳岗返还 | unemployment insurance premium refunds |
| 593 | 税费减免 | tax and fee cuts |
| 594 | 就业补贴 | employment subsidies |
| 595 | 劳动密集型产业 | labor-intensive industries |
| 596 | 岗位转换 | job relocation |
| 597 | 就业创业渠道 | the employment and business start-up channels |
| 598 | 退役军人 | ex-service members |
| 599 | 脱贫人口 | people lifted out of poverty |
| 600 | 大龄、残疾、较长时间失业等就业困难群体帮扶 | people facing difficulties in finding jobs, such as older jobseekers, people with disabilities, and the long-term unemployed |
| 601 | 灵活就业 | flexible employment |
| 602 | 新就业形态 | new forms of employment |
| 603 | 职业伤害保障试点 | trials of occupational injury insurance |
| 604 | 整治欠薪 | the settlement of all unpaid wages |
| 605 | 就业歧视 | discrimination in the workplace |
| 606 | 职业技能 | vocational skills |
| 607 | 技能人才 | highly-skilled personnel |
| 608 | 技能导向的薪酬分配制度 | a skills-based pay system |
| 609 | 让多劳者多得、技高者多得、创新者多得 | We will ensure better pay for those with a commitment to hard work, an outstanding skill set, and a dedication to innovation. |
| 610 | 基本医疗卫生服务 | basic medical and health services |
| 611 | 健康优先发展战略 | the health-first strategy |
| 612 | 医疗 | medical services |
| 613 | 医保 | medical insurance |
| 614 | 公立医院 | public hospitals |
| 615 | 编制动态调整 | dynamic staffing adjustments |
| 616 | 薪酬制度 | the remuneration system |
| 617 | 病房条件 | conditions in hospital wards |
| 618 | 优质医疗资源扩容下沉 | the supply of quality medical resources, channel them toward the community level |
| 619 | 药品集采政策 | the policy for centralized medicine procurement |
| 620 | 药品价格形成机制 | pricing mechanisms for medicines |
| 621 | 创新药目录 | a medical insurance catalog for innovative drugs |
| 622 | 中医药传承创新发展机制 | the mechanisms for the preservation and innovative development of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) |
| 623 | 中医药事业 | TCM programs |
| 624 | 疾病预防控制 | disease prevention and control |
| 625 | 分级诊疗 | tiered diagnosis and treatment |
| 626 | 药品耗材追溯机制 | tracing mechanisms for drugs and medical consumables |
| 627 | 医保基金监管 | supervision over medical insurance funds |
| 628 | 第三支柱养老保险 | third-pillar pension plans |
| 629 | 个人养老金制度 | the private pension system |
| 630 | 失能老年人 | functionally impaired elderly persons |
| 631 | 老年助餐服务 | assisted catering services for the elderly |
| 632 | 康复辅助器具 | assistive rehabilitation devices |
| 633 | 托幼一体服务 | integrated nursery and childcare services |
| 634 | 法定退休年龄 | the statutory retirement age |
| 635 | 困境儿童 | children in need |
| 636 | 流动儿童 | children who live with their migrant-worker parents |
| 637 | 留守儿童 | left-behind children in rural areas |
| 638 | 精神文明建设 | cultural-ethical advancement |
| 639 | 新型文化业态 | new forms of cultural business |
| 640 | 总体国家安全观 | a holistic approach to national security |
| 641 | 安全生产治本攻坚三年行动 | the three-year drive to address the root causes of workplace accidents |
| 642 | 校园学生餐 | school meals |
| 643 | 气象服务 | meteorological services |
| 644 | 西藏定日县地震灾后恢复重建 | post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction efforts in Dingri County, Xizang Autonomous Region |
| 645 | 事业单位 | public institutions |
| 646 | 新时代“枫桥经验” | the Fengqiao model for promoting community-level governance in the new era |
| 647 | 信访工作法治化 | law-based handling of public complaints |
| 648 | 平安中国 | the Peaceful China Initiative |
| 649 | 打击黑恶势力、电信网络诈骗 | to crack down hard on criminal gangs, telecom and online fraud |
| 650 | 保障人民群众安居乐业 | to ensure that our people live and work in peace and contentment |
| 651 | 开展“十五五”规划编制工作 | begin formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan this year |
| 652 | 阶段性特征 | new features defining the 15th Five-Year Plan period |
| 653 | “两个确立” | establishing Comrade Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole and of establishing the guiding role of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era |
| 654 | “四个意识” | the need to maintain political integrity, think in big - picture terms, follow the leadership core, and keep in alignment with the central Party leadership |
| 655 | “四个自信” | stay confident in the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics |
| 656 | “两个维护” | uphold Comrade Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole and uphold the Central Committee’s authority and its centralized, unified leadership |