MTI 术语总表（理解当代中国 · U1-U12）
用途：翻译批改与自查的权威参考。每条术语标注来源单元、类型和考点备注。 字段说明：
- = 高危易错（在
01_高危错题手册中有详细错误分析）- 类型：
词条= 术语/短语；句段= 完整句子或段落
U1-U2：中国特色社会主义 & 新时代核心概念
| # | 中文 | 英文 | 类型 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 低碳发展 | low-carbon development | 词条 | |
| 2 | 供给侧结构性改革 | supply-side structural reform | 词条 | 山大高频；注意词序 supply-side 在前 |
| 3 | 经济全球化 | economic globalization | 词条 | |
| 4 | 爱国统一战线 | patriotic united front | 词条 | |
| 5 | 社会主义核心价值观 | the core socialist values | 词条 | Values 用复数 |
| 6 | 中国特色社会主义 | socialism with Chinese characteristics | 词条 | |
| 7 | 人才强国战略 | the strategy on developing a quality workforce | 词条 | 不用 talent，用 quality workforce |
| 8 | 建设制造强国 | to build China into a manufacturer of quality | 词条 | |
| 9 | 加快建设人才强国 | to step up efforts to make China a talent-strong country | 词条 | |
| 10 | 推进体育强国建设 | to build China into a country strong in sport | 词条 | |
| 11 | 实现农业大国向农业强国跨越 | to transform China from a country with high agricultural output to one with a leading edge in agriculture | 词条 | |
| 12 | 为人民提供精神指引 | to provide a source of cultural and moral guidance for our people | 词条 | |
| 13 | 弘扬民族精神和时代精神 | to foster a Chinese ethos and a readiness to respond to the call of our times | 词条 | |
| 14 | 激发和保护企业家精神，鼓励更多社会主体投身创新创业 | to inspire and protect entrepreneurship, and encourage more entities to engage in innovation and businesses | 句段 | |
| 15 | 保持政治定力，坚持实干兴邦，始终坚持和发展中国特色社会主义 | We must maintain our political orientation, do the good solid work that sees our country thrive, and continue to uphold and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics. | 句段 | |
| 16 | 改革全面发力、多点突破、纵深推进 | We have taken moves across the board, achieved breakthroughs in many areas, and made further progress in reform. | 句段 | |
| 17 | 不忘初心、牢记使命 | remain true to our original aspiration and founding mission | 词条 | 不用 initial mind |
| 18 | 获得感、幸福感、安全感 | sense of fulfillment, happiness, and security | 词条 | fulfillment = 获得感 |
| 19 | 以人民为中心的发展思想 | the people-centered philosophy of development | 词条 | 思想 → philosophy |
| 20 | 历史方位 | historical juncture | 词条 | juncture 有历史厚度 |
| 21 | 现代化经济体系 | modernized economic system | 词条 | 448 百科名词 |
| 22 | 新发展理念 | New Development Philosophy | 词条 | 创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享；不是 New developing theory |
| 23 | 贯彻新发展理念 | apply the new development philosophy fully, accurately and comprehensively | 句段 | |
| 24 | 创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享发展 | innovative, coordinated, green, open and shared development | 词条 | 注意 coordinated 拼写 |
| 25 | 首要任务 | the primary task | 词条 | |
| 26 | 全面建设社会主义现代化国家 | build a modern socialist country in all respects | 句段 | |
| 27 | 以供给侧结构性改革为主线 | focus on supply-side structural reform | 句段 | 或 take … as the main task |
例句（U1-U2 完整句段）：
| 中文 | 英文 |
|---|---|
| 坚定不移”打虎”、“拍蝇”、“猎狐”。 | We have taken firm action to “take out tigers”, “swat flies”, and “hunt down foxes”. |
| 决胜全面建成小康社会 | to secure a decisive victory in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects |
| 当前，世界多极化、经济全球化、文化多样化、社会信息化深入发展，人类社会充满希望。 | The world today is moving towards multi-polarity and becoming more economically globalized, culturally diverse, and IT-driven. All this offers hope to humanity. |
| 要加强对全会精神贯彻落实情况的监督检查。 | We will strengthen our supervision of the implementation of these decisions. |
| 在激烈的国际竞争中，惟创新者进，惟创新者强，惟创新者胜。 | Against the backdrop of international competition, only those who innovate can make progress, grow stronger and prevail. |
| 满足人民过上美好生活的新期待，必须提供丰富的精神食粮。 | To meet the people’s new aspirations for a better life, we must provide them with rich intellectual nourishment. |
| 70年前，我们的先辈以远见卓识，建立了联合国这一最具普遍性、代表性、权威性的国际组织，寄托人类新愿景，开启合作新时代。 | Seventy years ago, those before us, with vision and foresight, established the United Nations. This universal and most representative and authoritative international organization has carried mankind’s hope for a new future and ushered in a new era of cooperation. |
| 要坚持一体化发展方向，加快从相加阶段迈向相融阶段。 | We need to keep moving towards integration and move faster from media plus to media integration. |
| 党的十八大以来，我们坚持导向为魂、移动为先、内容为王、创新为要，在体制机制、政策措施、流程管理、人才技术等方面加快融合步伐，建立融合传播矩阵，打造融合产品，取得了积极成效。 | Since the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012, we have emphasized the importance of guiding public opinion, giving priority to mobile media, improving media content, and promoting innovation. The integration of institutions and mechanisms, policies, procedures, technology and talent has been accelerated. Positive results have been achieved in building up integrated all-media matrices and in creating cross-media products. |
| 过去先进不等于现在先进，现在先进不等于永远先进。 | Even if you had played a pioneering role in the past, there is no guarantee that you will always do so; the fact that you are playing the role now does not mean that you will be progressive forever. |
| 我们在古丝绸之路上”舟舶继路、商使交属”……谱写了合作共赢的灿烂篇章。 | Our ancestors, merchants and diplomatic envoys alike, traveled back and forth along the overland and maritime Silk Roads, creating a splendid chapter of win-win cooperation. |
| 不同国家相互帮助共同解决面临的突出问题，是世界经济发展的客观要求。 | Mutual help between different countries in solving salient problems is the objective requirement of world economic development. |
| 亲仁善邻、协和万邦是中华文明一贯的处世之道，惠民利民、安民富民是中华文明鲜明的价值导向。 | For Chinese civilization, pursuing amity, good neighborliness and harmony is the principle guiding our interactions with other countries. To bring prosperity and security to the people is the overarching goal. |
| 需要指出的是，“一带一路”建设是全新的事物，在合作中有些不同意见是完全正常的。 | It must be pointed out that as the BRI is a new initiative, it is perfectly natural to have different views. |
| 生态环境治理明显加强，环境状况得到改善。 | Ecological and environmental governance has been significantly strengthened, leading to marked improvements in the environment. |
| 公共文化服务水平不断提高，文艺创作持续繁荣，文化事业和文化产业蓬勃发展，互联网建设管理运用不断完善，全民健身和竞技体育全面发展。 | Public cultural services have been improved; art and literature are thriving, and cultural programs and industries are going strong. The development, administration, and functioning of internet services have been enhanced. Fitness-for-all programs and competitive sports have seen extensive development. |
| 当今世界，人类生活在不同文化、种族、肤色、宗教和不同社会制度所组成的世界里，各国人民形成了你中有我、我中有你的命运共同体。 | Today, we live in a world with different cultures, ethnic groups, skin colors, religions and social systems, and all people on the planet have become members of an intimate community of shared future. |
| 生态文明制度体系加快形成，主体功能区制度逐步健全，国家公园体制试点积极推进，全面节约资源有效推进，能源资源消耗强度大幅下降。 | Efforts to develop a system of institutions for building an eco-civilization have been accelerated; the system of functional zoning has been steadily improved; and progress has been made in piloting the national park system. Across-the-board efforts to conserve resources have seen encouraging progress; the intensity of energy and resource consumption has been significantly reduced. |
| 政法系统要在更高起点上，推动改革取得新的突破性进展，加快构建优化协同高效的政法机构职能体系。 | We need to make new breakthroughs in the reform of the judicial, prosecuting and public security systems from an overall perspective and quicken our pace in establishing and optimizing judicial, prosecuting and public security departments that collaborate to achieve high efficiency. |
U3：中国特色社会主义事业总体布局
| # | 中文 | 英文 | 类型 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 全面建设社会主义现代化强国 | to build a great modern socialist country in all respects | 词条 | 注意词序：socialist modernization 不是 modernized socialism |
| 2 | 中国式现代化道路 | a uniquely Chinese path to modernization | 词条 | |
| 3 | 社会主义现代化 | socialist modernization | 词条 | 绝对高频考点；禁忌 modernized socialism |
| 4 | 共同富裕 | common prosperity | 词条 | 不是 common wealth |
| 5 | 主要矛盾 | principal contradiction | 词条 | 我国社会主要矛盾；注意 contradiction 拼写 |
| 6 | 日益增长的美好生活需要 | ever-growing needs for a better life | 词条 | |
| 7 | 见证者、开创者、建设者 | witnesses, pioneers, and builders | 词条 | 平行名词结构 |
| 8 | 多边主义 | multilateralism | 词条 | 相对 unilateralism（单边主义） |
| 9 | 法治社会 | a law-based society | 词条 | 区分：法治国家/法治政府/法治社会 |
| 10 | 法治国家 | a country under the rule of law | 词条 | |
| 11 | 法治政府 | a law-based government | 词条 | |
| 12 | 中国化 | Sinicization | 词条 | 马克思主义中国化 |
| 13 | 文明交流互鉴 | exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations | 词条 | 必考；核心词 mutual learning |
| 14 | 粮食安全 | food security | 词条 | 区分：food security（供给）vs food safety（卫生） |
| 15 | 基础设施联通 | infrastructure connectivity | 词条 | 一带一路核心词 |
| 16 | 多措并举 | take multiple measures | 词条 | 固定搭配 |
| 17 | 重点群体 | key groups | 词条 | 官方政经语境 |
| 18 | 绿色转型 | green transition | 词条 | 强调动态转变 |
| 19 | 跨国犯罪 | transnational crime | 词条 | 优于 cross-board |
| 20 | 韧性供应链 | resilient supply chains | 词条 | 核心词 resilient |
U4：全面建设社会主义现代化国家
| # | 中文 | 英文 | 类型 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 两个确立 | Two Affirmations | 词条 | 不是 Two Upholds；Affirmations 复数 |
| 2 | 两个维护 | Two Upholds | 词条 | 不是 Two Maintains |
| 3 | 四个意识 | Four Consciousnesses | 词条 | 注意复数 -es |
| 4 | 四个自信 | Four-sphere Confidence | 词条 | 官方有 -sphere 后缀 |
| 5 | 国之大者 | the country’s most fundamental interests | 词条 | 必背 |
| 6 | 党中央集中统一领导 | the centralized, unified leadership of the Central Committee | 词条 | |
| 7 | 党内政治生活准则 | The Code of Conduct for Intraparty Political Life | 词条 | intraparty；code of conduct |
| 8 | 基层群众自治制度 | the system of community-level self-governance | 词条 | 不用 grassroot，用 community-level |
| 9 | 科学立法、严格执法、公正司法、全民守法 | sound lawmaking, strict law enforcement, impartial administration of justice, and observance of the law by everyone | 词条 | |
| 10 | 法治国家、法治政府、法治社会一体建设 | the integrated development of a country, government and society based on the rule of law | 句段 | |
| 11 | 把…转化为 | evolve into | 词条 | 禁忌 transformed into（用于社会发展语境） |
U5：全面深化改革
| # | 中文 | 英文 | 类型 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 钉钉子精神 | the perseverance to hammer away until a task is done | 词条 | 中国特色政治隐喻 |
| 2 | 房子是用来住的、不是用来炒的 | Housing is for living in, not for speculation. | 句段 | 经典论断，必背 |
| 3 | 我将无我，不负人民 | I will fully commit to the people and never fail them. | 句段 | 高频金句 |
| 4 | 最多跑一次 | get problems solved with one-stop service / at most one visit | 词条 | 基层治理 |
| 5 | 破除思维定势 | get rid of reform-hindering mindsets | 词条 | 复合词 reform-hindering |
| 6 | 既当改革的促进派，又当改革的实干家 | be both a promoter and a practitioner of reform | 句段 | |
| 7 | 保持战略定力 | maintain strategic resolve | 词条 | 注意 strategic 拼写；resolve = 定力 |
| 8 | 集中力量打攻坚战 | focus our strength on tough battles | 句段 | |
| 9 | 激发制度活力，激活基层经验 | stimulate the vitality of our systems, take advantage of all experience gained at the grassroots | 句段 | |
| 10 | 行之力则知愈进，知之深则行愈达 | Practice improves understanding and a deeper understanding guides further practice. | 句段 | 官方句式，优美简洁 |
U6：全面依法治国
| # | 中文 | 英文 | 类型 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 司法为民 | justice for the people | 词条 | 不是 judicial for people |
| 2 | 依法治国和以德治国相结合 | to integrate the rule of law with the rule of virtue | 句段 | rule of virtue 不是 morality-based |
| 3 | 严格执法 | strict law enforcement | 词条 | 执法 = law enforcement |
| 4 | 公正司法 | impartial administration of justice | 词条 | 核心词 impartial |
| 5 | 全民守法 | the observance of law by everyone | 词条 | 核心词 observance |
| 6 | 职能科学、权责法定、执法严明 | with clearly defined functions and statutory powers and responsibilities, and strict law enforcement | 句段 | statutory 对应”法定” |
| 7 | 恪守职业道德 | strictly observe professional ethics, ensuring that they are loyal to the Party, the country, the people, and the law | 句段 | 平行结构：loyal to A, B, C, and D |
U7：全面深化改革开放（续）
| # | 中文 | 英文 | 类型 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 动力变革 | changes in the drivers of economic growth | 词条 | |
| 2 | 效率变革 | changes in the efficiency of economic growth | 词条 | |
| 3 | 质量变革 | changes in the quality of economic growth | 词条 |
U7 例句：
| 中文 | 英文 |
|---|---|
| 要把党的十八大确立的改革开放重大部署落实好，就要认真回顾和深入总结改革开放的历程，更加深刻地认识改革开放的历史必然性，更加自觉地把握改革开放的规律性，更加坚定地肩负起深化改革开放的重大责任。 | To implement the major propositions on reform and opening up raised at the 18th CPC National Congress, we need to review reform and opening up, better understand its historical necessity, conscientiously master its laws, and firmly assume the responsibility of extending it. |
U8：法治中国 & 文化强国
| # | 中文 | 英文 | 类型 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 创造性转化 | creative transformation | 词条 | 不是 revolution，是基于传统的”转化” |
| 2 | 文化事业 | cultural programs | 词条 | 与 cultural industries 相对 |
| 3 | 文化强国 | a country with a strong socialist culture | 词条 | 不是 strong cultural country |
| 4 | 文化产业 | cultural industries | 词条 | 产业群，官方用复数 |
U9：文化建设
| # | 中文 | 英文 | 类型 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 创新性发展 | innovative development | 词条 | 与 creative transformation 配对 |
U10：生态文明 & 高质量发展
| # | 中文 | 英文 | 类型 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 碳达峰 | carbon peaking | 词条 | 达峰用 peaking 不用 peak |
| 2 | 碳中和 | carbon neutrality | 词条 | |
| 3 | 共商共建共享 | extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits | 词条 | 核心词 extensive, joint, shared |
| 4 | 山水林田湖草沙一体化保护 | a holistic approach to the protection of mountains, waters, forests, farmlands, grasslands and deserts | 词条 | holistic 优于 integrated |
| 5 | 新型国际关系 | a new type of international relations | 词条 | relations 用复数 |
| 6 | 秉持…理念 | uphold the vision of… / be guided by the vision of… | 句式 | |
| 7 | 地球生命共同体 | a community of life for man and Nature | 词条 |
U11：大国外交 & 全球治理
| # | 中文 | 英文 | 类型 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 天下体系 | the Tianxia System | 词条 | 赵汀阳提出；山大 2026 关注点 |
| 2 | 简约、安全、精彩 | simple, safe, and splendid | 词条 | 2022 北京冬奥办赛要求 |
| 3 | 双奥总导演 | chief director of both the Summer and Winter Olympics | 词条 | 指张艺谋 |
| 4 | 探月工程 | lunar exploration program | 词条 | 官方用 program 不是 project |
| 5 | 首钢园 | Shougang Park | 词条 | WTT 举办地，地方时事 |
| 6 | 冰乒转换 | repurposed from ice to table tennis | 词条 | 动词化处理 |
| 7 | 工业气息 → 工业遗产 | industrial heritage | 词条 | 外刊常用 heritage |
| 8 | 双向奔赴、相得益彰 | a win-win partnership that brings out the best in each other / complements each other | 句段 | 本质是合作双赢 |
| 9 | 天人合一 | harmony between man and nature | 词条 | 中国传统文化核心哲学理念 |
U11 长篇例句：
| 中文 | 英文 |
|---|---|
| 亚洲地大物博、山河秀美，在世界三分之一的陆地上居住着全球三分之二的人口，47 个国家、1000 多个民族星罗棋布。 | This vast and beautiful continent covers a third of the Earth’s land mass and has two-thirds of the world’s population. It has more than 1,000 ethnic groups living in 47 countries. (The Governance of China III, p. 541) |
| 亲仁善邻、协和万邦是中华文明一贯的处世之道，惠民利民、安民富民是中华文明鲜明的价值导向，革故鼎新、与时俱进是中华文明永恒的精神气质，道法自然、天人合一是中华文明内在的生存理念。 | For Chinese civilization, pursuing amity, good neighborliness and harmony is the principle guiding our interactions with other countries. To bring prosperity and security to the people is the overarching goal, to keep pace with the times through reform and innovation the abiding commitment, and to achieve harmony between man and nature the underlying philosophy. (The Governance of China III, p. 547) |
U12：党的建设
| # | 中文 | 英文 | 类型 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | (加强) 政治建设 | (to reinforce) the Party’s political foundations | 词条 | |
| 2 | (加强) 思想建设 | (to strengthen) the Party in ideological terms | 词条 | |
| 3 | (加强) 组织建设 | (to consolidate) the Party’s organizations | 词条 | |
| 4 | (加强) 作风建设 | (to improve) the Party’s conduct | 词条 | |
| 5 | (加强) 制度建设 | institutional improvement / (to create) stronger institutions | 词条 | |
| 6 | 反腐败斗争 | the anti-corruption campaign | 词条 |
U12 长篇例句（《习近平谈治国理政》出处）：
| 中文 | 英文 |
|---|---|
| 坚持独立自主，就要坚定不移走中国特色社会主义道路，既不走封闭僵化的老路，也不走改旗易帜的邪路。 | Adhering to independence means that we will firmly take the socialist path with Chinese characteristics. We will not take the old path of a rigid closed-door policy, nor an erroneous path by abandoning socialism. (The Governance of China I, p. 32) |
| 国家治理体系和治理能力是一个国家的制度和制度执行能力的集中体现，两者相辅相成。 | A country’s governance system and capacity are the major barometers of its system and that system’s governing efficiency. The two are complementary. (The Governance of China I, p. 117) |
| 指导思想是一个政党的精神旗帜。 | The guiding philosophy is the spiritual beacon of a party. (The Governance of China II, p. 33) |
| 中华民族历经磨难，自强不息，从未放弃对美好梦想的向往和追求。实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦是近代以来中华民族的夙愿。 | The Chinese nation has emerged resilient from trials and tribulations, and it never gave up the pursuit of its beautiful dreams. Realizing the Chinese Dream of the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation has been a long-cherished wish of the Chinese people since the advent of modern times. (The Governance of China I, p. 61) |
| 伟大长征精神，就是把全国人民和中华民族的根本利益看得高于一切，坚定革命的理想和信念，坚信正义事业必然胜利的精神；……就是紧紧依靠人民群众，同人民群众生死相依、患难与共、艰苦奋斗的精神。 | The spirit of the Long March meant putting the fundamental interests of the Chinese people and nation above all else, meant upholding firm revolutionary ideals and beliefs, and meant the belief that a just cause would surely succeed… And it meant relying closely on the people, sharing weal and woe with the people, and fighting bitterly alongside the people. (The Governance of China II, p. 49) |
| 中南海要始终直通人民群众，我们要始终把人民群众放在心中脑中。中央政治局的同志必须做到以人民忧乐为忧乐、以人民甘苦为甘苦，牢固树立以人民为中心的发展思想，始终怀着强烈的忧民、爱民、为民、惠民之心，察民情、接地气，倾听群众呼声，反映群众诉求。 | Zhongnanhai must be directly connected with the people, and we should always keep the people in our thoughts. Members of the Political Bureau must share the people’s joys and sorrows, weal and woe; must pursue people-centered development; must always care for the people, work for the people, and benefit the people; must understand public sentiment, listen to public appeal, and voice public concerns. (The Governance of China II, p. 208) |
| 我们要有钉钉子的精神，钉钉子往往不是一锤子就能钉好的，而是要一锤一锤接着敲，直到把钉子钉实钉牢，钉牢一颗再钉下一颗，不断钉下去，必然大有成效。 | In this regard, we need to have a “nail” spirit. When we use a hammer to drive in a nail, a single knock often may not be enough; we must keep knocking until it is well in place. Then we can proceed to knock the next one, and continue driving in nails till the job is completely done. (The Governance of China I, p. 446) |
| 人民立场是马克思主义政党的根本政治立场，人民是历史进步的真正动力，群众是真正的英雄，人民利益是我们党一切工作的根本出发点和落脚点。 | Standing on the side of the people is the fundamental political stance of a Marxist political party; the public is the true driving force for historical progress; the people are the real heroes; and the people’s interests are the prime purpose and ultimate goal of the Party’s work. (The Governance of China II, p. 208) |
| 对我们共产党人来讲，能不能解决好作风问题，是衡量对马克思主义信仰、对社会主义和共产主义信念、对党和人民忠诚的一把十分重要的尺子。 | For us Communists, conduct is a yardstick that measures our faith in Marxism, our convictions in socialism and communism, and our loyalty to the Party and the people. (The Governance of China II, p. 180) |
| 党坚强有力，党同人民保持血肉联系，国家就繁荣稳定，人民就幸福安康。 | The Party’s strength and its close ties with the people have ensured China prosperity and stability, and the Chinese people peace and happiness. (The Governance of China I, p. 15) |
| 抓好选人用人这个导向。选人用人是党内政治生活的风向标，用人上的不正之风和腐败现象对政治生活危害最烈，端正用人导向是严肃党内政治生活的治本之策。 | We should select and appoint the right officials, which is a weathervane for political activities within our Party. Unhealthy tendencies and corruption in the appointment of officials are most harmful; thus a correct orientation is the fundamental solution to rigorously carrying out political activities in the Party. (The Governance of China II, p. 199) |
| 加强农村基层基础工作，健全自治、法治、德治相结合的乡村治理体系。 | We will strengthen basic services in rural communities, and improve the rural governance model which combines self-governance, rule of law, and rule of virtue. (The Governance of China III, p. 34) |
| 必须坚持中国特色社会主义政治发展道路，坚持和完善人民代表大会制度、中国共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度、民族区域自治制度、基层群众自治制度，巩固和发展最广泛的爱国统一战线。 | We must keep to the path of socialist political advancement with Chinese characteristics; uphold and improve the system of people’s congresses, the system of Party-led multiparty cooperation and political consultation, the system of regional ethnic autonomy, and the system of community-level self-governance; and consolidate and develop the broadest possible patriotic united front. (The Governance of China III, p. 23) |
| 巩固基层政权，完善基层民主制度，保障人民知情权、参与权、表达权、监督权。 | We should both consolidate government and improve the institutions of democracy at the primary level to ensure the people’s rights to be informed, to participate, to be heard, and to oversee. (The Governance of China III, p. 39) |
| 要推动协商民主广泛、多层、制度化发展，统筹推进政党协商、人大协商、政府协商、政协协商、人民团体协商、基层协商以及社会组织协商。 | We will advance extensive, multilevel, and institutionalized development of consultative democracy, and adopt a coordinated approach to promoting consultation carried out by political parties, people’s congresses, government departments, CPPCC committees, people’s organizations, communities, and social organizations. (The Governance of China III, p. 40) |
| 大力发现储备年轻干部，注重在基层一线和困难艰苦的地方培养锻炼年轻干部，源源不断选拔使用经过实践考验的优秀年轻干部。 | We will work harder to identify promising young officials and get them well prepared for future jobs. We will focus on their practical training in local communities, in work on the front line, and in areas where conditions are harsh, and work to produce a constant stream of outstanding young officials who have passed the test of practice. (The Governance of China III, pp. 68-69) |
| 加强作风建设必须紧扣保持党同人民群众血肉联系这个关键。“四风”问题只是表象，根上是背离了党性，丢掉了宗旨。 | In improving Party conduct, we must focus on maintaining close ties with the people. The Four Malfeasances are more than specific misconduct; they represent a fundamental betrayal of our Party spirit and purpose. (The Governance of China III, p. 588) |
跨单元核心句型模式 (Patterns)
这些是反复出现的中→英翻译句式模板，掌握后可套用。
| # | 中文模式 | 英文模式 | 适用场景 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 坚持 + 政策/原则 | stay committed to / adhere to + N | 禁忌 insist on |
| 2 | 使/让 + 某人 + 受益 | ensure that… benefit… / so that… | 禁忌 let sb do |
| 3 | 中文无主句（”…拓宽渠道，确保稳定”） | to do (目的状语) 整合多个动词 | expand channels to ensure stability |
| 4 | ”作为曾经的…“ | once a/an… (同位语，极简) | 不用 which is…in the past |
| 5 | ”摇身一变”（物理改造） | transformed into | 物理改造用 transform；社会演进用 evolve |
| 6 | ”留下深刻印象” | impressing both A and B (分词状语) | 不用 leaving deep impression to |
| 7 | ”…级”（世界级） | world-class | 不用 world-level |
| 8 | ”以…为主线” | focus on… / take…as the main task |