357 汉译英练习：学术论述类（2026年真题原题）
题目说明
357 考纲第三部分要求：具有学术性与文体特色的文学或学术论述类文本（50分）。
以下为 2026 年山大 357 考场真题原题选段（选自哲学家赵汀阳发表于《读书》杂志的学术论述《天下体系：在可能与未来之间》）。
- 字数：约 260 汉字。
- 建议用时：30 - 35 分钟。
- 核心难点：哲理思辨概念的层层递进、并列排比与对仗句的英译形合重组（如“理想主义是不可能的，除非同时是现实主义……”）。
中文原文
《天下体系》和《天下的当代性》两者在理论要点上基本一致，但叙述站位有所不同。在《天下体系》里，叙述站位落在中国，从中国去看世界；在《天下的当代性》里，叙述站位在世界，甚至站到一种可能的未来世界里，从可能的未来世界去看现实世界。从非现实的位置去看现实，这种视域似乎是柏拉图的发明。柏拉图从理念世界去看现实世界，发明了理想主义。理想主义终究不能解释无穷可能性而不能保证普遍有效性，现实主义又不能推出未来，尤其是背离现实路径的未来，因此，我选择了比理想世界“低一级”但“先于”现实世界的可能世界，或可说是“可能主义”，只寻找更优可能性。可能主义既不拒绝理想也不拒绝现实，但同时不服从理想也不服从现实。理想是尺子，用来批评现实，但不是用来实现的，另一方面，现实不是拒绝改变的理由，理论必须高于现实，否则没有意义。理想主义是不可能的，除非同时是现实主义；现实主义是无意义的，除非同时是理想主义。两者之间留出来的思想空间就是“可能主义”。
作答区域
（请在下方直接键入你的英文译文）
begin at 2026-09-14 14:44:23
finished at 2026-09-14 15:07:28
The System of World and The Modernity of World, both of them have a similar key theory, while the narrative position is different. In The System of World, the narrative position is located in China, describing the world from China’s view; However, In The Modernity of World, the narrative position moves to the world, even a possible future world, describing the real world from the possible future. This vision may owes to Plato, who created idealism by observing the real world from the theoretical world. But, It still cannot explain the infinite possibilities, which causes that it cannot ensure the common avaliability. For the reason that the realism cannot infer the future, especially for one that escaping from the real path, I chose a probable world, which is lower than ideal world but earlier than real world, to seek the better possibilities only. Neither the possiblism rejects ideal nor reality, but it also doesn’t follow either the ideal or reality. Ideal is a yardstick for us to compare with, not to achieve. Besides, reality is not the case to reject changes, for that the theory will be meaningless if it is lower than reality. It is impossible for idealism unless it is realism, while it is impossible for realism unless it is idealism meanwhile. The ideal space between them is the possiblism.
ended typing at 2026-09-14 15:21:55, which fixed some obvious error.